Studies on the comprehensive development of hilly land in Fujian—I．Effects of different planting manners on the or chard ecosystem

Effects of different planting manners on the orchard ecosystem are studied and the results show that the relationship between the intensity of rainfall and run-off amount shows an exponential function．The horizontal reclaim in terrace is the effective engineering practice to prevent run-off and soil erosion in hilly land． The practices that reclaim in down-slope for planting fruit trees ，planting the grass plants in 50cm width between fruit trees to form the gras fences，growing leguminous plants such as Pinto peanut on slope surface are the comprehensive ways to run the hilly orchard．Planting leguminous forages in new developing orchard may decrease soil bulk weight，improve soil porosity and the kinds and amount of soil microorganism ，adjust the temperatures on the soil surface and within soil layer，increase soil moisture and organic matter，improve soil fertility and increase the contents of soil total N and fast-acting nutrition．These planting practices are favorable to the growth of fruit trees ．