0ptimal models of agro-forestry ecosystem—A case study from Raoyang County of Hebei Province

Feasibilities,economic benefits,configuration techniques and application connditions of optimal models of five agro-forestry ecological systerm in Raoyang Experiment Zone of Hebei Province are analysed，Their order of net income is the early fruit orchard intercropping>fruit tree-grain crop intercropping>agro-forestry intereropping>forest belts farmland>forest-animal husbandry combinational system．The ratio of output／input is adverse to the net income except agro-forestry intercropping