Progress in research on preparation and application of oxygen nanobubbles in agriculture

To systematically understand the research progress and development trend involving oxygen nanobubbles and their applications in agriculture, this study summarized such researches through a analysis of publications, research strength, and research content with the research achievements of oxygen nanobubbles reported over the past 15 years in the first section. Second, the preparation methods and properties of oxygen nanobubbles were discussed, after which applications encompassing oxygen nanobubbles in the fields of agricultural production and agricultural environmental governance were emphatically reviewed, including promoting seed germination and crop growth, improving aquaculture production and economic benefits, reducing methane emissions in paddy fields, removing heavy metal pollutants and non-point source organic pollutants from soil. Finally, research emphasis and countermeasure suggestions regarding future oxygen nanobubble technology were prospected, including a detailed investigation of the oxygen-enhancing and action mechanisms of oxygen nanobubbles, which is beneficial for deeper application research, further development of preparative techniques for oxygen nanobubbles in the agriculture to reduce preparation costs and energy consumption, expansion of the applicability of oxygen nanobubble technology in agricultural production and environmental remediation, such as in different types of soil and crops, and largescale application research of oxygen nanobubbles. This study provides ideas and methods for both future basic and practical research surrounding oxygen nanobubble in agriculture-related fields.