Characteristic distribution of livestock manure and warning analysis of environmental carrying capacity based on the consumption of cultivated land in China
-
摘要: 为加快畜禽养殖行业粪污资源化利用，促进畜牧业可持续发展，及时掌握畜禽粪便的特征分布，对有效防控养殖区域环境的污染尤为重要。目前多数畜禽粪便污染研究都是基于省市区域尺度，而进行全国尺度的研究相对较少。本文运用排污系数法，以中国畜牧年鉴数据为计算基础，估算出2016年全国31个省份畜禽粪便的产生量、污染物产生量及污染物流失量。在此基础上，分析全国2016年畜禽粪便的排放分布特征，并将不同畜种的粪尿产生量统一换算为猪粪当量，计算出单位耕地面积猪粪当量承载负荷及预警值，参照相关标准得到2016年全国各省所对应的预警级别。结果表明：2016年全国畜禽粪便总产生量为246 836万t，其中牛粪产量最多，家禽粪产生量最少；所研究的31个省份中四川省、河南省、山东省的粪便产生量较多。假设产生的粪便可以利用当年的有效耕地消纳，则2016年31个省份畜禽粪便平均单位耕地面积猪粪当量承载力负荷为19.55，单位耕地面积猪粪当量预警均值为0.49。本文所测算的31个省份中大部分省份预警值处于无环境威胁预警级别（Ⅰ级），但北京市处于有环境威胁预警级别（Ⅲ级），西藏自治区处于很严重环境威胁预警级别（Ⅵ级），青海处于严重环境威胁预警级别（Ⅴ级）。根据计算得出的预警级别，各省应根据自身情况充分利用畜禽粪便资源，尤其是在预警值较高地区应及时做好畜禽养殖总量控制及污染防控。Abstract: In order to speed up the utilization of excrement and waste resources in the livestock and poultry breeding industry, and to promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry, it is particularly important to timely grasp the characteristic distribution of excrement and waste for effectively preventing and controlling environmental pollution in the breeding area. At present, most of the researches focus on livestock and poultry feces pollution, based on the level of provinces and cities, while the researches on the national scale are relatively few. In this paper, manure production, pollutant production and pollutant loss in the livestock and poultry industry in 2016 were estimated with the pollution factor method and based on the calculation of China Animal Husbandry Yearbook data. The pig feces equivalent bearing load and early warning, and the value per unit cultivated land area were calculated on the basis of the above analysis and by converting feces and urine produced by different kinds of livestock into pig feces equivalent. Furthermore, the corresponding early warning level of 31 provinces in 2016 was obtained by referring to relevant standards. The results showed that in 2016, the total amount of livestock and poultry manure was 2 468 million tons, of which cattle manure was the most and poultry manure was the least; among the 31 provinces studied, Sichuan Province, Henan Province and Shandong Province had relatively more manure. Assuming that the manure could be effectively consumed by the farmland in the same year, the bearing capacity load of pig feces equivalent per unit cultivated area in 2016 was 19.55; and the early warning value of pig feces equivalent per unit cultivated area was 0.49. Most of the 31 provinces measured in this paper were at level Ⅰ, among which Beijing was at level Ⅲ, Tibet was at level Ⅵ, and Qinghai was at level Ⅴ. According to the result of early warning level, each province should make full use of the livestock and poultry manure according to its own situation. Timely control of the total amount of livestock and poultry breeding, and pollution prevention and control measures should be taken in areas with high early warning value.
-
图 1 2016年中国31个省份(市、自治区)畜禽养殖数量
Figure 1. Livestock and poultry breeding number in 31 provinces (cities, autonomous regions) of China in 2016
图 2 2016年中国31个省(市、自治区)畜禽粪便产生量
Figure 2. Livestock and poultry manure production in 31 provinces (cities, autonomous regions) of China in 2016
图 3 2016年中国31省(市、自治区)畜禽粪尿污染物产生量(a)和流失量(b)
Figure 3. Production (a) and loss (b) of pollutants of livestock and poultry manure in 31 provinces (cities, autonomous regions) of China in 2016
表 1 不同种类畜禽粪便日排放系数及污染物参数[16]
Table 1. Daily pollutant discharge coefficients and pollutants parameters of different species of livestock and poultry[16]
污染物
Pollutant牛粪
Cow dung牛尿
Cow urine猪粪
Pig manure猪尿
Pig urine羊粪
Sheep manure家禽粪
Poultry dung排放系数Excretion coefficient (kg∙d–1) 20.00 10.00 2.00 3.30 2.60 化学需氧量Chemical oxygen demand (kg∙t–1) 31.00 6.00 52.00 9.00 4.63 45.65 总氮Total nitrogen (kg∙t–1) 4.37 8.00 5.88 3.30 7.50 10.42 总磷Total phosphorus (kg∙t–1) 1.18 0.40 3.41 0.52 2.60 5.79 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 畜禽粪便污染物进入水体的流失率[16]
Table 2. Loss rates of manure pollutants of livestock and poultry entering water bodies[16]
% 污染物
Pollutant牛粪
Cow dung牛尿
Cow urine猪粪
Pig manure猪尿
Pig urine羊粪
Sheep manure化学需氧量Chemical oxygen demand 6.16 5.58 5.50 8.59 50.00 总氮Total nitrogen 5.68 5.34 5.30 8.47 50.00 总磷Total phosphorus 5.50 5.25 5.20 8.42 50.00
下载: 导出CSV
指标
Index牛粪
Cow dung牛尿
Cow urine猪粪
Pig manure猪尿
Pig urine羊粪
Sheep manure家禽粪
Poultry dung氮百分含量Percentage of nitrogen (%) 0.45 0.80 0.65 0.33 0.80 1.37 换算系数Conversion factor 0.69 1.23 1.00 0.57 1.23 2.10
下载: 导出CSV
警报值Alarm value ＜0.4 0.4~0.7 0.7~1.0 1.0~1.5 1.5~2.5 > 2.5 级别Grade Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ 对环境的威胁性
Threat to environment无
None稍有
Not obvious有
Obvious较严重
Serious严重
More serious很严重
Extremely serious
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 2016年中国31个省(市、自治区)畜禽粪便中主要污染物总含量及流失量
Table 5. Total contents and loss amounts of major pollutants in livestock and poultry manure of 31 provinces (cities or autonomousregions) of China in 2016
×104 t 指标
Index化学需氧量Chemical oxygen demand 总氮Total nitrogen 总磷Total phosphorus 含量Content 流失量Loss 含量Content 流失量Loss 含量Content 流失量Loss 猪粪Pig manure 1 418 79 160 9 93 5 猪尿Pig urine 405 202 148 74 23 12 牛粪Cow dung 2 346 145 331 19 89 5 牛尿Cow urine 227 114 303 151 15 8 羊粪Sheep manure 132 7 21 1 74 4 家禽粪Poultry dung 1 483 127 338 29 188 16 合计Total 6 011 674 1 302 283 483 49
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 中国31省(市、自治区)耕地消纳畜禽粪便负荷及预警
Table 6. Loads and early warning grade of livestock and poultry manure consumption of cultivated land in each province (city, autonomous region) of China
地区
Province耕地面积
Arable land
(hm2)畜禽粪便猪当量
Pig manure equivalent
(×104t)耕地畜禽粪便猪当量负荷
Pig manure equivalent load of cultivated land of livestock and poultry manure (t∙hm–2∙a–1)耕地理论最大适宜污染物承载量
Theory maximum suitable pollutant load of cultivated land
(t∙hm2)单位面积耕地猪粪当量负荷警报值
Load alarm value of pig manure equivalent per unit area of arable land单位面积耕地猪粪当量负荷级别
Load level of pig manure per unit area of cultivated land北京市
Beijing City151 360 513.68 33.94 45 0.75 Ⅲ 天津市
Tianjin City479 170 661.85 13.81 45 0.31 Ⅰ 河北省
Hebei Province8 716 640 8 612.63 9.88 45 0.22 Ⅰ 山西省
Shanxi Province3 720 810 2 826.61 7.60 45 0.17 Ⅰ 内蒙古自治区
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region7 921 900 11 004.60 13.89 45 0.31 Ⅰ 辽宁省
Liaoning Province4 064 100 7 809.22 19.22 45 0.43 Ⅱ 吉林省
Jilin Province5 676 320 4 994.80 8.80 45 0.20 Ⅰ 黑龙江省
Heilongjiang Province12 426 540 6 346.89 5.11 45 0.11 Ⅰ 上海市
Shanghai City294 700 262.20 8.90 30 0.30 Ⅰ 江苏省
Jiangsu Province7 676 920 4 956.31 6.46 30 0.22 Ⅰ 浙江省
Zhejiang Province2 274 440 1 475.11 6.49 30 0.22 Ⅰ 安徽省
Anhui Province8 893 610 5 122.25 5.76 30 0.19 Ⅰ 福建省
Fujian Province2 327 310 2 635.99 11.33 30 0.38 Ⅰ 江西省
Jiangxi Province5 560 670 5 432.40 9.77 30 0.33 Ⅰ 山东省
Shandong Province10 973 180 13 041.43 11.88 45 0.26 Ⅰ 河南省
Henan Province14 472 320 17 346.63 11.99 45 0.27 Ⅰ 湖北省
Hubei Province7 843 510 8 010.21 10.21 30 0.34 Ⅰ 湖南省
Hunan Province8 793 280 10 964.89 12.47 30 0.42 Ⅱ 广东省
Guangdong Province4 830 830 6 296.08 13.03 30 0.43 Ⅱ 广西壮族自治区
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region6 145 310 7 549.52 12.29 30 0.41 Ⅱ 海南省
Hainan Province823 260 1 354.60 16.45 30 0.55 Ⅱ 重庆市
Chongqing3 600 740 3 965.34 11.01 30 0.37 Ⅰ 四川省
Sichuan Province9 728 610 16 441.57 16.90 30 0.56 Ⅱ 贵州省
Guizhou Province5 596 810 5 863.74 10.48 30 0.35 Ⅰ 云南省
Yunnan Province7 164 460 9 966.37 13.91 30 0.46 Ⅱ 西藏自治区
Tibet Autonomous Region257 900 4 817.02 186.78 45 4.15 Ⅵ 陕西省
Shaanxi Province4 276 920 3 210.88 7.51 45 0.17 Ⅰ 甘肃省
Gansu Province4 253 840 5 570.07 13.09 45 0.29 Ⅰ 青海省
Qinghai Province561 330 4 271.54 76.10 45 1.69 Ⅴ 宁夏回族自治区
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region1 275 240 1 414.72 11.09 45 0.25 Ⅰ 新疆维吾尔自治区
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region5 867 520 5 892.51 10.04 45 0.22 Ⅰ 平均值
Average19.55 0.49
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 中华人民共和国环境保护部, 中华人民共和国国家统计局, 中华人民共和国农业部.第一次全国污染源普查公报[OB/OL]. (2010-02-06)[2019-11-28]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/qttjgb/qgqttjgb/201002/t20100211_30641.htmlMinistry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. Communique of the first national survey of pollution sources[OB/OL]. (2010-02-06)[2019-11-28]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/qttjgb/qgqttjgb/201002/t20100211_30641.html [2] 史瑞祥, 薛科社, 周振亚.基于耕地消纳的畜禽粪便环境承载力分析——以安康市为例[J].中国农业资源与区划, 2017, 38(6):55-62 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgnyzyyqh201706008SHI R X, XUE K S, ZHOU Z Y. Analysis on the environmental bearing capacity of livestock and poultry breeding based on land consumptive-A case of Ankang City[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2017, 38(6):55-62 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgnyzyyqh201706008 [3] 林源, 马骥, 秦富.中国畜禽粪便资源结构分布及发展展望[J].中国农学通报, 2012, 28(32):1-5 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgnxtb201232001LIN Y, MA J, QIN F. The structure distribution and prospect of China manure resource[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2012, 28(32):1-5 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgnxtb201232001 [4] 刁明月, 谢影, 彭绪亚, 等.亚硝态氮对同时产甲烷反硝化工艺处理畜禽粪水的影响[J].环境工程学报, 2014, 8(4):1333-1338 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjwrzljsysb201404014DIAO M Y, XIE Y, PENG X Y, et al. Effect of nitrite nitrogen on simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification technology for treating livestock wastewater[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2014, 8(4):1333-1338 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjwrzljsysb201404014 [5] 李健芸.畜禽养殖污染防治的法律监管体系现状及思考[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2016, (24):64-66 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QKC20162017021700034404LI J Y. Status quo of legal supervision system for pollution prevention in livestock and poultry farming[J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2016, (24):64-66 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QKC20162017021700034404 [6] 武兰芳, 欧阳竹, 谢小立.我国典型农区耕地承载畜禽容量对比分析[J].自然资源学报, 2013, 28(1):104-113 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zrzyxb201301011WU L F, OUYANG Z, XIE X L. Carrying capacity of livestock in cropland of two typical regions dominated by agriculture in China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2013, 28(1):104-113 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zrzyxb201301011 [7] 邹晨昕, 赵冬萍, 徐新悦, 等.基于氮平衡的盐城市畜禽养殖环境承载力分析[J].生态科学, 2019, 38(4):169-177 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stkx201904023ZOU C X, ZHAO D P, XU X Y, et al. Analysis of environmental carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding in Yancheng City based on nitrogen balance[J]. Ecological Science, 2019, 38(4):169-177 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stkx201904023 [8] 张怀志, 李全新, 岳现录, 等.区域农田畜禽承载量预测模型构建与应用:以赤峰市为例[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2014, 30(5):576-580 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ncsthj201405005ZHANG H Z, LI Q X, YUE X L, et al. Development and application of model for prediction of regional farmland livestock and poultry carrying capacity:A case study of Chifeng City[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2014, 30(5):576-580 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ncsthj201405005 [9] PENG L H, BAI Y. Numerical study of regional environmental carrying capacity for livestock and poultry farming based on planting-breeding balance[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2013, 25(9):1882-1889 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jes-e201309020 [10] 牛俊玲, 秦莉, 郑宾国, 等.河南省规模化养殖发展中的耕地污染负荷及风险评价——以河南省长垣县为例[J].农业环境科学学报, 2008, 27(5):2105-2108 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=nyhjbh200805076NIU J L, QIN L, ZHENG B G, et al. Waste load of farmland and risk assessment for the development of scale breeding in Henan Province[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2008, 27(5):2105-2108 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=nyhjbh200805076 [11] 盛婧, 孙国峰, 郑建初.典型粪污处理模式下规模养猪场农牧结合规模配置研究Ⅰ.固液分离-液体厌氧发酵模式[J].中国生态农业学报, 2015, 23(2):199-206 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stnyyj201502009SHENG J, SUN G F, ZHENG J C. Pig farm-cropland configuration under typical waste treatment modes-A case study of anaerobic liquid fermentation following solid-liquid separation of waste[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(2):199-206 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stnyyj201502009 [12] 国务院.畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例[M].北京:中国法制出版社, 2013The State Council of the People's Republic of China. Regulations on Prevention and Control of Poultry Livestock[M]. Beijing:China Legal Publishing House, 2013 [13] 中华人民共和国环境保护部. HJ 497-2009畜禽养殖业污染治理工程技术规范[S].北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2009Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC. HJ 497-2009 Technical Specifications for Pollution Treatment Projects of Livestock and Poultry Farms[S]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2009 [14] 何运.猪场养殖废水灌溉对土壤理化性质的影响[D].成都: 成都理工大学, 2012HE Y. The impact of pig farming waste water irrigation on soil physical and chemical properties[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2012 [15] 章明奎, 刘丽君, 黄超.养殖污水灌溉对蔬菜地土壤质量和蔬菜品质的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2011, 25(1):87-91 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trqsystbcxb201101018ZHANG M K, LIU L J, HUANG C. Effects of long-term irrigation of livestock farm wastewater on soil quality and vegetable quality in vegatable soils[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 25(1):87-91 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trqsystbcxb201101018 [16] 中国畜牧兽医年鉴编辑委员会.中国畜牧兽医年鉴2017[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2017China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Yearbook Editorial Board. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Yearbook 2017[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural Press, 2017 [17] 史瑞祥.基于耕地消纳的山东省畜禽粪污环境承载力研究[D].西安: 西北大学, 2018: 10-12SHI R X. Research based on arable land consumptive on environmental carrying capacity of livestock and poultry excrement in Shandong Province[D]. Xi'an: Northwest University, 2018: 10-12 [18] 国家环境保护总局自然生态保护司.全国规模化畜禽养殖业污染情况调查及防治对策[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2002:1-95Department of Nature Ecological Protection in Ministry of Environment Protection of the People's Republic of China. Counter Measure of Prevention and Cure and Investigation of Scale Livestock Breeding in China[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2002:1-95 [19] 易秀, 陈生婧, 田浩.陕西省养殖业畜禽粪便氮磷耕地负荷的时空分布[J].水土保持通报, 2016, 36(3):235-240 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stbctb201603040YI X, CHEN S J, TIAN H. Temporal and spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus cropland load of livestock manure in breeding industry of Shaanxi Province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 36(3):235-240 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stbctb201603040 [20] 刘培芳, 陈振楼, 许世远, 等.长江三角洲城郊畜禽粪便的污染负荷及其防治对策[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2002, 11(5):456-460 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cjlyzyyhj200205013LIU P F, CHEN Z L, XU S Y, et al. Waste loading and treatment strategies on the excreta of domestic animals in the Yangtze Delta[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2002, 11(5):456-460 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cjlyzyyhj200205013 [21] 朱兆良.推荐氮肥适宜施用量的方法论刍议[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2006, 12(1):1-4 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zwyyyflxb200601001ZHU Z L. On the methodology of recommendation for the application rate of chemical fertilizer nitrogen to crops[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2006, 12(1):1-4 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zwyyyflxb200601001 [22] 国家环境保护总局自然生态保护司.全国规模化畜禽养殖业污染情况调查及防治对策[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2000:14-103Department of Nature Ecological Protection in Ministry of Environment Protection of the People's Republic of China. Counter Measure of Prevention and Cure and Investigation of Scale Livestock Breeding in China[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2000:14-103 [23] 张晓华, 王芳, 郑晓书, 等.四川省畜禽粪便排放时空分布及污染防控[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2018, 27(2):433-442 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cjlyzyyhj201802023ZHANG X H, WANG F, ZHENG X S, et al. Temporal and spatial distributions and pollution prevention of livestock mannure in Sichuan[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2018, 27(2):433-442 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cjlyzyyhj201802023 [24] 祝其丽, 王文国, 何明雄, 等.规模化养殖场畜禽粪便发酵还田负荷估算及风险评价——以四川省邛崃市为例[J].环境污染与防治, 2012, 34(7):85-89 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=hjwryfz201207018ZHU Q L, WANG W G, HE M X, et al. Load estimation and risk evaluation of fermentation of livestock and poultry manure in large-scale farms:A case study of Qionglai City, Sichuan Province[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2012, 34(7):85-89 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=hjwryfz201207018 [25] 谢飞, 曹磊, 王震, 等.江苏省太湖地区畜禽业产排污测算[J].水土保持通报, 2014, 34(2):128-133 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stbctb201402028XIE F, CAO L, WANG Z, et al. Estimation of pollutant production and discharge from livestock and poultry industries in Taihu Lake region[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 34(2):128-133 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stbctb201402028 [26] 潘瑜春, 孙超, 刘玉, 等.基于土地消纳粪便能力的畜禽养殖承载力[J].农业工程学报, 2015, 31(4):232-239 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nygcxb2015040033PAN Y C, SUN C, LIU Y, et al. Carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding based on feces disposal volume of land[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(4):232-239 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nygcxb2015040033 [27] 李冬梅, 姜翠玲, 孙敏华.河南省畜禽粪便污染及耕地负荷时空变化特征分析[J].四川环境, 2014, 33(5):34-39 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/schj201405006LI D M, JIANG C L, SUN M H. Analysis on the pollution of livestock and poultry excrement in spatial-temporal variation of farmland load of Henan Province[J]. Sichuan Environment, 2014, 33(5):34-39 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/schj201405006 [28] 黄美玲, 夏颖, 范先鹏, 等.湖北省畜禽养殖污染现状及总量控制[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(2):209-219 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cjlyzyyhj201702006HUANG M L, XIA Y, FAN X P, et al. Pollution status and total amount control of livestock and poultry breeding in Hubei Province[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2017, 26(2):209-219 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cjlyzyyhj201702006 [29] 刘越, 孟海波, 沈玉君, 等.海南省畜禽粪便资源分布及总量控制研究[J].中国农业科技导报, 2015, 17(4):114-121 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgnykjdb201504015LIU Y, MENG H B, SHEN Y J, et al. Studies on resource distribution and gross control of animal and poultry manure in Hainan Province[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2015, 17(4):114-121 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgnykjdb201504015 [30] 陈海媛, 郭建斌, 张宝贵, 等.畜禽养殖业产污系数核算方法的确定[J].中国沼气, 2012, 30(3):14-16 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgzq201203003CHEN H Y, GUO J B, ZHANG B G, et al. Pollutant producing coefficients in animal production[J]. China Biogas, 2012, 30(3):14-16 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgzq201203003 [31] 王国利, 苏家联, 阮燕春, 等.广西地区肉牛产排污系数测定的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2014, 50(11):76-80 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgxmzz201411019WANG G L, SU J L, RUAN Y C, et al. Study on determination of sewage production coefficient of beef cattle production in Guangxi region[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2014, 50(11):76-80 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgxmzz201411019 [32] 王凡.长期秸秆还田及施用粪肥对小麦产量和矿质营养品质及重金属的影响[D].咸阳: 西北农林科技大学, 2016WANG F. Responses of wheat yield, quality and heavy metals to longterm straw returning and manure compost application[D]. Xianyang: Northwest A & F University, 2016 [33] 张鸣, 高天鹏, 李昂, 等.畜禽粪肥与化肥配施对春小麦产量和养分吸收利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报, 2014, 34(2):216-221 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/mlzwxb201402012ZHANG M, GAO T P, LI A, et al. Effects of different combinations of animal manures and chemical fertilizer on yield, nutrient uptake and utilization of spring wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2014, 34(2):216-221 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/mlzwxb201402012 -
点击查看大图
图(3) / 表(6)
计量
- 文章访问数: 611
- HTML全文浏览量: 23
- PDF下载量: 901
- 被引次数: 0
