Cd enrichment and distribution in broad bean seedlings under stress of Cd combined with MWCNTs-COOH
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摘要: 纳米材料因大量开发、生产和应用不可避免地被释放到环境中，给生态环境和人体健康带来潜在的风险。因此为了探究羧基化多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs-COOH）和重金属Cd双重胁迫对植物器官中Cd的富集、转运及细胞中Cd分布的影响，以及为MWCNTs-COOH与Cd复合污染对植物的毒性和生态风险性评价提供理论依据，本研究以蚕豆幼苗为试验材料，采用水培方式，设置MWCNTs-COOH（0 mg·L-1、1.5 mg·L-1、3.0 mg·L-1、6.0 mg·L-1、12.0 mg·L-1）+10.0 μmol·L-1 Cd 5个处理组，用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定不同处理下蚕豆幼苗根茎叶及细胞中Cd的含量，分析MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd处理下蚕豆幼苗营养器官对Cd的富集、转运及细胞内分布状况。结果表明：复合胁迫下，3种营养器官Cd含量均高于对照；根茎叶对Cd的富集、Cd富集系数及器官间（根-茎、茎-叶）的转移系数均随MWCNTs-COOH浓度升高呈先升高后降低趋势，当MWCNTs-COOH浓度为6.0 mg·L-1时，以上指标均达到最大值。同时，随着MWCNTs-COOH浓度的增大，根茎叶细胞中Cd逐渐从细胞壁向原生质体转移，加深了对细胞的毒害。综上所述，中低浓度的MWCNTs-COOH不仅可促进蚕豆根茎叶对Cd的累积及向上转运，而且也能加强细胞中Cd的转移。Abstract: Nanomaterials are inevitably released into the environment because of developed production and application, which brings potential risks to the ecological environment and human health. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of MWCNTs-COOH and heavy metals Cd double stress on Cd enrichment, transport, and distribution in plant organs, and provide a theoretical basis for evaluating phytotoxicity and ecological risk of the combined pollution of MWCNTs-COOH and Cd. In this study, broad bean seedlings were cultured as experimental material using the hydroponics method, and MWCNTs-COOH (0 mg·L-1, 1.5 mg·L-1, 3.0 mg·L-1, 6.0 mg·L-1, 12.0 mg·L-1) and 10.0 μmol·L-1 Cd treatment groups were set. The contents of Cd in roots, stems, leaves, and cells of broad bean seedlings under the different treatments were determined by Graphite Furnace atomic absorption spectrometry; and Cd enrichment, transport in vegetative organs, and distribution in cells of broad bean were analyzed. The results showed that Cd contents in three kinds of vegetative organs under MWCNTs-COOH and Cd compound stresses were higher than those in CK. Cd enrichment in roots, stems, and leaves; Cd enrichment coefficient, and translocation coefficient between organs (root-stem and stem-leaf) all first increased and then decreased. The above indicators reached their maximum values when the concentration of MWCNTs-COOH was 6.0 mg·L-1. At the same time, with the increase of MWCNTs-COOH concentration, Cd in cells of roots, stems, and leaves gradually transferred from cell wall to protoplast, which deepened the toxicity to cells. In conclusion, medium and low concentrations of MWCNTs-COOH not only promoted Cd accumulation and upward transport in roots, stems, and leaves, but also enhanced Cd transfer in cells.
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Key words:
- MWCNTs-COOH /
- Cd /
- Complex stress /
- Enrichment coefficient /
- Translocation coefficient /
- Broad bean
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表 1 MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd胁迫下蚕豆幼苗各器官Cd含量
Table 1. Contents of Cd in various organs of broad bean seedlings under stress of MWCNTs-COOH combined with Cd
µg·g-1 处理Treatment 叶Leaf 茎Stem 根系Root Cd (CK, 10.0 µmol·L-1Cd) 5.79±0.48e 17.45±0.31e 75.15±1.82c Cd+1.5 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 7.84±0.39d 21.10±0.22d 86.10±1.82b Cd+3.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 10.34±0.13c 24.87±0.34c 89.22±0.49ab Cd+6.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 14.02±0.16a 30.33±0.33a 90.62±1.39a Cd+12.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 11.78±0.27b 26.42±0.33b 85.66±1.06b 同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level. 
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表 2 MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd胁迫下蚕豆幼苗各器官对Cd的富集系数及转移系数
Table 2. Bioconcentration factor and translocation factor of Cd in organs of broad bean seedlings under stress of MWCNTs-COOH combined with Cd
处理
TreatmentCd富集系数
Cd bioconcentration factor (%)Cd转移系数
Cd translocation factor (%)根
root茎
Stem叶
Leaf根-茎
From root to shoot茎-叶
From stem to leafCd (CK, 10.0 µmol·L-1Cd) 5.58±0.13c 1.30±0.02e 0.43±0.04e 23.23±0.14e 33.16±2.16d Cd+1.5 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 6.39±0.13b 1.57±0.02d 0.58±0.03d 24.51±0.26d 37.13±1.46c Cd+3.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 6.62±0.04ab 1.85±0.02c 0.77±0.01c 27.87±0.23c 41.58±0.06b Cd+6.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 6.72±0.11a 2.25±0.03a 1.04±0.01a 33.47±0.16a 46.23±0.02a Cd+12.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 6.35±0.08b 1.96±0.03b 0.88±0.02b 30.84±0.01b 44.60±0.46ab 同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.
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表 3 MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd胁迫下蚕豆根细胞亚显微结构Cd含量及分配比例
Table 3. Cd contents and distribution ratios of submicrostructure in broad bean root cells under stress of MWCNTs-COOH combined with Cd
处理
TreatmentCd含量
Cd content (µg·g-1)分配比例
Distribution ratio (%)细胞壁
F1 Cell wall原生质
F2 Protoplast细胞壁
F1 Cell wall原生质体
F2 ProtoplastCd (CK, 10.0 µmol·L-1Cd) 7.51±0.33d 4.04±0.33e 67.03±3.64a 32.98±3.64d Cd+1.5 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 8.68±0.04bc 6.41±0.25d 57.52±0.87b 42.49±0.87c Cd+3.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 8.99±0.11ab 8.59±0.18c 51.14±0.23c 48.86±0.23b Cd+6.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 9.28±0.06a 12.23±0.16a 43.14±0.16d 56.86±0.16a Cd+12.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 8.42±0.13c 10.20±0.05b 45.23±0.25d 54.77±0.25a 同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.
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表 4 MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd胁迫下蚕豆茎细胞亚显微结构Cd含量及分配比例
Table 4. Cd contents and distribution ratios of submicrostructure in broad bean stem cells under stress of MWCNTs-COOH combined with Cd
处理
TreatmentCd含量
Cd content (µg·g-1)分配比例
Distribution ratio (%)细胞壁
F1 Cell wall原生质
F2 Protoplast细胞壁
F1 Cell wall原生质体
F2 ProtoplastCd (CK, 10.0 µmol·L-1Cd) 2.23±0.07d 2.14±0.10d 51.04±0.36a 48.97±0.36d Cd+1.5 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 2.79±0.08c 3.23±0.23c 46.26±1.03b 53.74±1.03c Cd+3.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 3.19±0.13b 4.02±0.07b 44.24±0.55c 55.76±0.55b Cd+6.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 3.71±0.17a 4.80±0.08a 43.60±0.67bc 56.40±0.67bc Cd+12.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 3.29±0.03b 4.46±0.12a 42.49±0.45d 57.52±0.45a 同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.
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表 5 MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd胁迫下蚕豆叶细胞亚显微结构Cd含量及分配比例
Table 5. Cd contents and distribution ratio of submicrostructure in broad bean leaf cells under stress of MWCNTs-COOH combined with Cd
处理
TreatmentCd含量
Cd content (µg·g-1)分配比例
Distribution ratio (%)细胞壁F1 Cell wall 原生质F2 Protoplast 细胞壁F1 Cell wall 原生质体F2 Protoplast Cd (CK, 10.0 µmol·L-1Cd) 0.51±0.06e 0.45±0.02e 54.45±0.01a 46.66±1.58c Cd+1.5 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 0.77±0.03d 0.78±0.01d 49.83±0.69b 50.17±0.69b Cd+3.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 1.01±0.04c 1.13±0.05c 47.19±0.22c 52.82±0.22a Cd+6.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 1.39±0.03a 1.67±0.08a 45.44±0.76d 54.57±0.76a Cd+12.0 mg·L-1 MWCNTs-COOH 1.14±0.06b 1.33±0.06b 46.04±0.33cd 53.97±0.33a 同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.
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