基于GIS和土地质量地球化学数据的水稻种植适宜性评价——以安徽省青阳县为例

韩慧杰; 夏学齐; 吴海东; 汤明; 姜明亮

doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.180699

基于GIS和土地质量地球化学数据的水稻种植适宜性评价——以安徽省青阳县为例

doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.180699

1.
中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院北京 100083
2.
安徽金联地矿科技有限公司合肥 230000

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划 2017YFD0800300

安徽省国土资源厅公益性土地质量地球化学调查项目 2015-g-20

详细信息

作者简介:
韩慧杰, 主要从事环境地球化学研究工作。E-mail:hanhj666@163.com

通讯作者:
夏学齐, 主要从事环境地球化学的教学和研究工作。E-mail:xiaxueqi@cugb.edu.cn

中图分类号: S511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-07-26
- 录用日期: 2018-12-28
- 刊出日期: 2019-04-01

Evaluation of rice planting suitability using GIS and geochemical land quality data-A case study of Qingyang County, Anhui Province

1.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Anhui Jinlian Geology and Mineral Resources Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230000, China

Funds:

the National Key R & D Program of China 2017YFD0800300

the Land Quality Geochemical Survey Project in Public Welfare of Anhui Provincial Department of Land and Resources 2015-g-20

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail:xiaxueqi@cugb.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 为加快安徽省青阳县的高标准基本农田建设，开展更加精准的水稻种植适宜性评价，本文根据研究区土地质量地球化学数据和当地水稻对生长环境的需求，通过层次分析法（AHP）把水稻种植适宜性评价作为目标层，把影响目标层的立地条件、理化性质、土壤质量、土地管理作为准则层，再把影响准则层中各因素的项目作为指标层，确定研究区水稻种植适宜性评价的层次模型，构建了包括土壤养分、土壤环境、土壤质地、有机质、排水和灌溉能力等在内共计12项指标的评价体系。以研究区二调图斑为评价单元，根据数字高程模型（DEM）数据获取精准的田面坡度数据，同时结合GIS空间分析技术对地球化学数据进行空间插值模拟。利用特尔菲法（Delphi）获取各指标隶属度并构建判断矩阵，使用MATLAB数学软件求出各指标的权重，计算获取水稻种植适宜性综合指数（RSI），进行适宜性评价。结果显示：“高度适宜”面积为36.89 km²，占基本农田总面积的19.80%，主要分布在研究区中部及南部地区；“适宜”和“勉强适宜”面积分别为61.95 km²和60.89 km²，分别占33.25%和32.68%，分散分布；“不适宜”面积约26.60 km²，占比14.27%，主要位于研究区中部及北部地区。利用实测水稻籽实Cd含量与该评价方法得到的水稻种植适宜性综合指数（RSI）进行分析，发现两者呈显著负相关，随着RSI的增长，水稻籽实中Cd含量逐渐降低，意味着水稻品质的提高，同时也减少了可能通过食物链对生态环境造成的危害。该结果从生态安全方面证明此评价方法的正确性和适用性。本文探讨了土地质量地球化学数据所反映的水稻生产问题，改善了以往农业种植适宜性评价工作中大量使用描述性指标和指标分级模糊不清所导致的主观性较大和评价方法不易推广等问题，不仅为作物种植适宜性评价提供了新的方法，而且为生态农业发展指明了方向。
- 水稻 /
- 种植适宜性 /
- 土地质量 /
- 土壤重金属 /
- GIS /
- 青阳县
Abstract: In order to accelerate the construction of high-standard basic farmlands in Qingyang County, Anhui Province and to conduct more accurate evaluation of rice planting suitability, an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to evaluate the suitability of rice planting with site conditions, soil physicochemical properties, soil quality and land management as the criterion layer. We then used the driving factors as the index layer to successively devise a three-level hierarchical model for the evaluation. Thus, the evaluation system comprising 12 indicators (including soil nutrient, soil environment, soil texture, soil organic matter, drainage capability, irrigation capacity, and etc.) were constructed based on geochemical land quality data of the prime farmland in the study area and on the demand for local rice production. With the polygons of the Second Land Survey as evaluation units, the field slope was obtained from digital elevation model (DEM) data, and combined with spatial analysis technology in GIS to simulate spatial interpolation of geochemical data. The Delphi method was used to determine index membership and build judgment matrix to calculate the weight of each index in order to obtain the comprehensive rice planting suitability index (RSI). The results showed that the "highly suitable" land area was 36.89 km², accounting for 19.80% of the total area, which was mainly distributed in the central and southern regions of the study area. The areas of "suitable" and "barely suitable" lands were respectively 61.95 km² (33.25%) and 60.89 km² (32.68%) and were sporadically distributed. The area of "unsuitable" land was 26.60 km² (14.27%) and was also mainly distributed in the central and northern regions of the study area. The measured cadmium content of rice seeds and RSI were significantly negatively correlated. The cadmium content of rice grains gradually decreased with the increasing of RSI. The low heavy metal content implied improvement of rice quality and reduction in potential damage to the ecological environment through food chain. The results proved the correctness and applicability of the evaluation method from the perspective of ecological security. We explored rice production issues reflected by geochemical data of land quality. The established evaluation method of agricultural planting suitability improved the past evaluation methods, which was subjective and non-suitable for application due to many descriptive indicators and uncertain indicator grading.
- Rice /
- Planting suitability /
- Land quality /
- Soil heavy metal /
- GIS /
- Qingyang County

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图 1 研究区青阳县土壤类型分布图

Figure 1. Distribution map of soil types of the study area of Qingyang County

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 研究区水稻种植适宜性空间分布

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of rice planting suitability in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 水稻籽实Cd含量与水稻种植适宜性综合指数之间的关系

Figure 3. Relationship between Cd content in rice grains and the comprehensive index of rice planting suitability

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 研究区青阳县土壤类型统计表

Table 1. Soil type statistics of the study area of Qingyang County

土纲 Soil class	亚纲 Subclass	土类 Soil group	亚类 Subgroup	所占面积 Area (km²)	所占比例 Ratio (%)
人为土 Anthropogenic soil	人为水成土 Anthropogenic aquatic soil	水稻土 Paddy soil	潴育水稻土 Submergenic paddy soil	206.83	17.52
人为土 Anthropogenic soil	人为水成土 Anthropogenic aquatic soil	水稻土 Paddy soil	潜育水稻土 Gleyed paddy soil	16.11	1.36
铁铝土 Ferralsol	湿热铁铝土 Muggy ferralsol	红壤Red soil		513.13	43.47
铁铝土 Ferralsol	湿暖铁铝土 Humid ferralsol	黄壤 Yellow soil		2.10	0.18
淋溶土 Alfisol	温暖淋溶土 Warm alfisol	黄棕壤 Yellow-brown soil		18.38	1.56
淋溶土 Alfisol	温湿淋溶土 Humid alfisol	暗棕壤 Dark brown soil		28.27	2.39
初育土 Primitive soil	石质初育土 Lithic primitive soil	石灰岩土 Limestone soil		125.88	10.66
		紫色土 Purple soil		84.29	7.14
		石质土 Lithosol		6.37	0.54
		粗骨土 Skeletal soil		179.18	15.18
合计 Total				1 180.54	100.00

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表 2 水稻种植适宜性评价层次模型

Table 2. Hierarchical model of rice planting suitability evaluation

目标层(A) Destination layer (A)	准则层(B) Criterion layer (B)	指标层(C) Index layer (C)
水稻种植适宜性评价 Rice planting suitability evaluation	立地条件 Site conditions	田块大小Field size
		田块规整度Field regularity
		田面坡度Field slope
	土壤理化性质 Physicochemical properties of soil	质地Texture
	土壤理化性质 Physicochemical properties of soil	有机质Organic matter
	土壤质量 Soil qualities	pH
		碱解氮Available nitrogen
		速效磷Available phosphorus
		速效钾Available potassium
	土地管理 Land management	土壤环境Soil environment (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn)
		排涝能力Drainage capability
		灌溉能力Irrigation capacity

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表 3 水稻种植适宜性评价模型中目标层(A)判断矩阵

Table 3. Objective layer (A) judgment matrix in the evaluation model of rice planting suitability

	立地条件 Site conditions	土壤理化性质 Soil physicochemical property	土壤质量 Soil quality	土地管理 Land management
立地条件Site conditions	1.000 0	1.200 0	1.800 0	1.000 0
理化性质Soil physicochemical property	0.833 3	1.000 0	1.500 0	0.833 3
土壤质量Soil quality	0.555 6	0.666 7	1.000 0	0.555 6
土地管理Land management	1.000 0	1.200 0	1.800 0	1.000 0

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表 4 水稻种植适宜性评价指标体系的组合权重计算表

Table 4. Combination weight calculation table of the evaluation index system of rice planting suitability

	立地条件 Site conditions	土壤理化性质 Soil physicochemical property	土壤质量 Soil quality	土地管理 Land management	组合权重 Combination weight
	0.20	0.24	0.36	0.20
田块大小Field size	0.16				0.048 0
田块规整度Field regularity	0.20				0.056 0
田面坡度Field slope	0.36				0.096 0
质地Texture		0.38			0.072 0
有机质Organic matter		0.28			0.086 4
pH		0.34			0.081 6
碱解氮Available nitrogen			0.16		0.057 6
速效磷Available phosphorus			0.24		0.086 4
速效钾Available potassium			0.28		0.100 8
土壤环境Soil environment			0.32		0.115 2
排涝能力Drainage capability				0.40	0.080 0
灌溉能力Irrigation capacity				0.60	0.120 0

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表 5 水稻种植适宜性评价指标中部分指标隶属度划分

Table 5. Membership division of partial indexes of rice planting suitability evaluation

指标 Index	隶属度分值与等级划分Membership score and grade division
指标 Index	1	0.9	0.7	0.5	0.2
田块大小Field size (m²)	≥300	100~300	50~100	< 50
田块规整度Field regularity	< 0.5	0.5~1	1~2	2~5	≥5
田面坡度Field slope (°)	< 2	2~5	5~10	10~15	≥15
	1	0.9	0.8	0.6	0.4
有机质Organic matter (g∙kg^-1)	> 40	30~40	20~30	10~20	≤10
碱解氮Available nitrogen (mg∙kg^-1)	> 150	120~150	90~120	60~90	≤60
速效磷Available phosphorus (mg∙kg^-1)	> 40	20~40	10~20	5~10	≤5
速效钾Available potassium (mg∙kg^-1)	> 200	150~200	100~150	50~100	≤50
	1	0.8	0.5	0.3	0.1
土壤环境Soil environment	一等Class 1	二等Class 2	三等Class 3	四等Class 4	五等Class 5

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表 6 研究区水稻种植适宜性评价分级结果

Table 6. Grading scheme of suitability evaluation of rice planting in the study area

适宜性 Suitability	水稻种植适宜性综合指数 Comprehensive index of rice planting suitability (RSI)	评价单元 Evaluation unit		农田 Farmland
适宜性 Suitability		单元数 Number	比例 Ratio (%)	面积 Area (km²)	比例 Ratio (%)
高度适宜Highly suitable	≥0.836	1 622	19.35	36.893 6	19.80
适宜Suitable	0.805~0.836	2 904	34.64	61.948 0	33.25
勉强适宜Barely suitable	0.770~0.805	2 885	34.41	60.889 8	32.68
不适宜Unsuitable	< 0.770	973	11.60	26.595 4	14.27

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表 7 本评价方法与前人评价方法的研究区水稻种植适宜性评价结果对比

Table 7. Comparison of evaluation results of rice planting suitability of the study area between this method and the previous one

适宜性 Suitability	面积比例Area rate (%)
适宜性 Suitability	前人方法 Previous method	本文方法 This method
高度适宜Highly suitable	21.70	19.80
适宜Suitable	32.40	33.25
勉强适宜Barely suitable	37.50	32.68
不适宜Unsuitable	8.40	14.27

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