Abstract: The "pilot projects of exploration of crop rotation and land fallow" proposed by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council is being implemented throughout the country in order to promote the planning, implementation and practice of crop rotation and land fallow for the improvement of environment.To conduct relevant research and develop relevant policies for Jiangxi Province and other regions under similar conditions, literature research methods, field visits and other forms of investigation were conducted in this study.The results showed that current crop rotation systems in Jiangxi Province were characterized by small cultivated areas, diverse patterns, wide distribution range and obvious benefits.The land fallow patterns in the province mainly included both conversion of degraded farm land into forest (grass) and leisure.The current crop rotation in the province was a small, poor management and low efficiency model.The land fallow was mostly passive, irrational, inappropriate, single model, abnormal cycle, not compensational, etc.Based on the above issues, this paper highlighted existing problems and put forward countermeasures for the promotion of land rotation and fallow systems in the region.This included:1) increasing propaganda and raising awareness of farmers, 2) developing scientific planning and classification guide, 3) developing clear and effective management strategies, 4) improving existing conditions and creating sustainable models, 5) determining reasonable compensation standards to protect interests of farmers, and 6) increasing investment and talent training.