Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different tillage practices with organic fertilizers on the chemical properties and microbial community structure of maize rhizosphere soil in saline-alkaline soil, to identify the most suitable combination of tillage practices and organic fertilizer application, to provide an important basis for improving saline-alkaline soil, and to understand the microbial community characteristics of maize rhizosphere soil. In this study, a split-zone experimental design was adopted, with two tillage practices in the main zone — CT (conventional tillage) and DV (vertical deep rotary tillage), and four levels of organic fertilizer application in the secondary zones — O1 (0 kg∙hm⁻²), O2 (7 500 kg∙hm⁻²), O3 (15 000 kg∙hm⁻²), and O4 (22 500 kg∙hm⁻²), to investigate the effects of different tillage practices combined with organic fertilizer on the rhizosphere of maize in saline-alkaline soils. Organic fertilizers influence the chemical properties and microbial community structure of maize on rhizosphere soil in saline-alkaline soil. The results demonstrated that the pH and total salt content of maize rhizosphere soils were significantly reduced by 3.94%−9.20% and 6.31%−25.96% under DVO3 and DVO4 treatments, respectively, compared to other treatments. The contents of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium significantly increased by 5.29%−45.24%, 4.71%−24.34%, 13.63%−32.67%, and 10.77%−34.25%, respectively, under DVO3 and DVO4 treatments than other treatments. The maize yield significantly increased by 2.51%−22.23% compared to other treatments and the differences between DVO3 and DVO4 treatments were not significant. Compared with the other treatments, the richness and diversity of the microbial community in the maize rhizosphere soil were significantly enhanced under the DVO3 and DVO4 treatments, with minimal differences between these two treatments. In addition, DVO3 and DVO4 treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of Protbacterial dominant phylum of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and Ascomycota and Basidiomycota of the fungal dominant plylum, as well as the relative abundance of Ohtaekwangia, Gp6, and Gp7 of the bacterial dominant genus, and Ascobolus, Filobasidium, and Botryotrichum of the fungal dominant genus; the differences between the DVO3 and DVO4 treatments were not significant. The relative abundances of these phyla and genera were positively correlated with the organic matter and fast-acting nutrient content of the maize rhizosphere soil. In summary, vertical deep rotary tillage with 15 000–22 500 kg∙hm^–2 organic fertilizers can significantly reduce the pH and total salt content of saline soils, increase the content of quick-acting nutrients and organic matter, and improve microbial abundance and diversity, which is conducive to soil improvement and nutrient cycling in saline soils.