Abstract: Mitigating the emission of non-CO₂ greenhouse gases (GHG), particularly methane and nitrous oxide, is crucial owing to their significant potential effects on worsening climate change. This study systematically reviews policy measures and technological advances related to methane and nitrous oxide emissions from China’s agricultural sector, providing insights into the mitigation of non-CO₂ GHG. We comprehensively analyzed the emission sources, total amounts, and temporal trends of non-CO₂ GHG emissions in China’s agricultural industry. By comparing China’s policies and technologies with key international practices, we identified the current challenges and proposed targeted strategies for reducing non-CO₂ GHG emissions in China’s agricultural sector. Despite the integration of non-CO₂ GHG mitigation into the national strategic planning, further enhancements are necessary. Key recommendations include: 1) sustained investment in research and development for non-CO₂ GHG mitigation; 2) strengthening technology dissemination systems, carbon trading markets, and public investment; 3) improving the institutional environment for non-CO₂ GHG mitigation. This study offers critical insights for future policy design and research aimed at reducing non-CO₂ GHG emissions and mitigating global warming.