河北滨海湿地生态系统服务供需特征与情景分析

齐菲; 王丰; 刘斌; 付同刚; 高会; 刘金铜

doi:10.12357/cjea.20220941

河北滨海湿地生态系统服务供需特征与情景分析

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220941

齐菲^{1, 2,},
王丰^{1, 2},
刘斌³,
付同刚¹,
高会¹,
刘金铜^1, ,

1.
中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省土壤生态学重点实验室　石家庄　050022
2.
中国科学院大学　北京　100049
3.
山东省大数据局　济南　250011

基金项目: 河北省重点研发计划项目(20373304D, 22374202D)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
齐菲, 主要从事生态系统服务研究。E-mail: qifei@sjziam.ac.cn

通讯作者:
刘金铜, 主要从事生态系统可持续管理与生态工程研究。E-mail: jtliu@sjziam.ac.cn

中图分类号: X24
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-05
- 录用日期: 2023-03-01
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-30

Analysis of supply and demand characteristics and scenarios of coastal wetland ecosystem services in Hebei province

QI Fei^{1, 2
,},
WANG Feng^{1, 2},
LIU Bin³,
FU Tonggang¹,
GAO Hui¹,
LIU Jintong^{1
, ,}

1.
Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology Shijiazhuang 050022, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Planning and Development Department of Shandong Provincial Big Data Bureau, Jinan 250011, China

Funds: The study was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province (22374202D, 20373304D).

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: jtliu@sjziam.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 滨海湿地处于海陆生态系统交错地带, 研究湿地面积变化带来的生态系统服务和人类福祉的变化, 可为湿地生态系统服务提升、近海岸生态环境保护与生态安全管理提供参考。本文通过分析河北滨海湿地面积变化, 对2000—2020年河北滨海湿地生态系统服务的供给量和社会对湿地生态系统服务需求量进行评估, 并以供需比定量分析了滨海湿地生态系统服务供需特征, 最后利用情景分析预测了2030年河北滨海湿地供需安全。结果表明: 1)河北滨海湿地生态安全受到威胁, 主要表现为自然湿地面积和湿地生态廊道面积减少。2)除水产品供给服务增加外, 河北滨海湿地的水资源供给、净化环境、调节洪水、固碳、释氧和美学景观等生态系统服务供给量均降低, 河北滨海区社会对湿地生态系统服务需求量均呈增加趋势。3)河北滨海湿地面积仅占河北滨海区全域面积的6.3%, 但其提供的调节洪水服务可以满足河北滨海区全域对其需求。4)河北滨海湿地调节洪水服务的生态安全状况较好, 水产品供给服务、水资源供给服务和净化环境服务是目前需要重点关注的生态安全问题, 是未来可能影响河北滨海湿地生态安全的隐患, 固碳、释氧和美学景观服务是未来河北滨海湿地生态安全发展中的短板。5)情景分析下, 湿地严格保护情景下生态系统服务供给量和供需比最高, 是河北滨海湿地生态系统未来发展最好情景模式。
- 滨海湿地 /
- 生态系统服务 /
- 供需比 /
- 情景分析 /
- 生态安全
Abstract: Coastal wetlands are located in the ecotone of marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Studying the changes in ecosystem services and human well-being caused by wetland areas can provide a reference for improving wetland ecosystem services, protecting the coastal ecological environment, and managing ecological security. This paper analyzes the changes in the area of coastal wetlands in Hebei Province, evaluates the supply of ecosystem services and social demand for wetland ecosystem services in Hebei Province from 2000 to 2020, and quantitatively analyzes the supply and demand characteristics of coastal wetland ecosystem services based on the supply and demand ratio. Finally, scenario analysis is used to predict the supply and demand security of coastal wetlands in Hebei Province in 2030. The results show that: 1) the ecological security of coastal wetlands in Hebei is threatened, mainly manifested by the reduction in the area of natural wetlands and wetland ecological corridors. 2) In addition to the increase in aquatic product supply services, the supply of ecosystem services such as water resource supply, environmental purification, flood regulation, carbon sequestration, oxygen release, and aesthetic landscape in Hebei coastal wetlands has decreased. The demand for wetland ecosystem services by society in Hebei coastal areas has shown an increasing trend. 3) The area of coastal wetlands in Hebei only accounts for 6.3% of the total area of the coastal area in Hebei. Still, the flood regulation services they provide can meet the needs of the entire coastal area in Hebei. 4) The ecological security status of flood regulation services in Hebei coastal wetlands is good. Aquatic product supply services, water resource supply services, and environmental purification services are currently key ecological security issues that need to be focused on and are potential hazards that may affect the ecological security of Hebei coastal wetlands in the future. Carbon sequestration, oxygen release, and aesthetic landscape services are shortfalls in the future development of ecological security in Hebei coastal wetlands. 5) Under the scenario analysis, the highest supply and demand ratio of ecosystem services under the strict wetland protection scenario is the best scenario model for the future development of the Hebei coastal wetland ecosystem.
- Coastal wetland /
- Ecosystem services /
- Supply demand ratio /
- Scenario analysis /
- Ecological safety

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图 1 河北滨海区示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the coastal district in Hebei

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图 2 2000—2020年河北滨海湿地生态系统服务供给量变化率

P、R、S、C、AP、WR、PW、RF、FC、RO、AL分别为供给服务、调节服务、支持服务、文化服务、水产品供给、水资源供给、净化水质、调节洪水、固碳、释氧和美学景观。P, R, S, C, AP, WR, PW, RF, FC, RO, and AL are provisioning service, regulating service, supporting service, cultural service, aquatic product supply, water resource supply, water purification, flood regulation, carbon fixation, oxygen release, and aesthetic landscape.

Figure 2. Change rates of ecosystem service supply of Hebei coastal wetland ecosystem from 2000 to 2020

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图 3 河北滨海湿地不同湿地类型的不同生态系统服务的供给量

P、R、S、C、AP、WR、PW、RF、FC、RO、AL分别为供给服务、调节服务、支持服务、文化服务、水产品供给、水资源供给、净化水质、调节洪水、固碳、释氧和美学景观。NW为自然湿地, CW为人工湿地, WEC为湿地生态廊道。P, R, S, C, AP, WR, PW, RF, FC, RO, and AL are provisioning service, regulating service, supporting service, cultural service, aquatic product supply, water resource supply, water purification, flood regulation, carbon fixation, oxygen release, and aesthetic landscape. NW is natural wetland, CW is constructed wetland, and WEC is wetland ecological corridor.

Figure 3. Supply of different ecosystem services for different wetland types in Hebei coastal wetlands

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图 4 2000年和2020年河北滨海湿地不同区域的生态系统服务供给量

P、R、S、C、AP、WR、PW、RF、FC、RO、AL分别为供给服务、调节服务、支持服务、文化服务、水产品供给、水资源供给、净化水质、调节洪水、固碳、释氧和美学景观。CZ为沧州滨海湿地, TQ为唐秦滨海湿地。P, R, S, C, AP, WR, PW, RF, FC, RO, and AL are provisioning service, regulating service, supporting service, cultural service, aquatic product supply, water resource supply, water purification, flood regulation, carbon fixation, oxygen release, and aesthetic landscape.CZ is Cangzhou Coastal Wetland, and TQ is Tangqin Coastal Wetland.

Figure 4. Supply of ecosystem services in different regions of Hebei coastal wetlands in 2000 and 2020

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图 5 2000—2020年河北滨海湿地生态系统服务需求量增加率

Figure 5. Increase rate of service demand of Hebei coastal wetland ecosystem from 2000 to 2020

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图 6 河北滨海湿地不同区域的生态系统服务需求量

P、R、S、C、AP、WR、PW、RF、FC、RO、AL分别为供给服务、调节服务、支持服务、文化服务、水产品供给、水资源供给、净化水质、调节洪水、固碳、释氧和美学景观。CZ为沧州滨海湿地, TQ为唐秦滨海湿地。P, R, S, C, AP, WR, PW, RF, FC, RO, and AL are provisioning service, regulating service, supporting service, cultural service, aquatic product supply, water resource supply, water purification, flood regulation, carbon fixation, oxygen release, and aesthetic landscape. CZ is Cangzhou Coastal Wetland, and TQ is Tangqin Coastal Wetland.

Figure 6. Demand for ecosystem services in different regions of Hebei coastal wetlands

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图 7 河北滨海湿地生态系统服务供需比

Figure 7. Supply demand ratio of Hebei coastal wetland ecosystem services

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图 8 河北滨海湿地不同区域的生态系统服务供需比

Figure 8. Supply and demand ratio of ecosystem services in different regions of Hebei coastal wetlands

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图 9 河北滨海湿地不同情景下生态系统服务供给量(a)、需求量(b)及不同情景下供需比(c)预测

P、R、S、C、AP、WR、PW、RF、FC、RO、AL分别为供给服务、调节服务、支持服务、文化服务、水产品供给、水资源供给、净化水质、调节洪水、固碳、释氧和美学景观。情景①为湿地自然发展情景, 情景②为湿地合理开发情景, 情景③为湿地严格保护情景。P, R, S, C, AP, WR, PW, RF, FC, RO, and AL are provisioning service, regulating service, supporting service, cultural service, aquatic product supply, water resource supply, water purification, flood regulation, carbon fixation, oxygen release, and aesthetic landscape.Scenario ① refers to the natural development of wetlands; Scenario ② refers to the reasonable development of wetlands, and Scenario ③ refers to the strict protection of wetlands.

Figure 9. Forecast of ecosystem service supply in different scenarios (a), demand (b) and supply and demand ratio in different scenarios (c) of Hebei coastal wetland

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表 1 河北滨海湿地生态系统服务供给量评估方法

Table 1. Evaluation methods of Hebei coastal wetland ecosystem service supply

生态系统服务 Ecosystem service		供给量计算方法 Supply quantity calculation method	评估法 Evaluation method
供给服务 provisioning service (P)	水产品供给 Aquatic products supply (AP, ×10⁴ t)	供给量=单位面积水产品供给量×湿地面积 Supply = supply of aquatic products per unit area × wetland area	物质量评估 Quality assessment
供给服务 provisioning service (P)	水资源供给 water resource supply (WR, ×10⁸ ¥)	供给量=单位面积水资源供给服务价值×湿地面积×湿地给水深度 Supply = the value of water resources supply service per unit area × wetland area × wetland water supply depth	价值量评估 Value quantity assessment
调节服务 Regulating service (R)	净化水质 Water purification (PW, ×10⁸ ¥)	供给量=单位面积净化水质服务价值×湿地面积 Supply = value of water purification service per unit area × wetland area	价值量评估 Value quantity assessment
调节服务 Regulating service (R)	调节洪水 Flood regulation (RF, ×10⁸ ¥)	供给量=单位面积调节洪水价值×湿地面积 Supply = unit area adjusted flood value × wetland area	价值量评估 Value quantity assessment
支持服务 supporting service (S)	固碳 Carbon fixation (FC, ×10⁴ t)	供给量=1.63×湿地面积×二氧化碳中碳的含量×单位面积的净初级生产量 Supply =1.63 × wetland area × CO₂ content × NPP	物质量评估 Quality assessment
支持服务 supporting service (S)	释氧 Oxygen release (RO, ×10⁴ t)	供给量=1.19×湿地面积×单位面积的净初级生产量 Supply =1.19 × wetland area × NPP	物质量评估 Quality assessment
文化服务 Cultural service (C)	美学景观 esthetic landscape (AL, ×10⁸ ¥)	供给量=单位面积文化服务价值×湿地面积 Supply = the value of cultural services per unit area × wetland area	价值量评估 Value quantity assessment

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表 2 河北滨海湿地生态系统服务需求量估算方法

Table 2. Estimation method for service demand of Hebei coastal wetland ecosystem

生态系统服务 Ecosystem service		需求量估算方法 Demand estimation method	评估法 Evaluation method
供给服务 Provisioning service (P)	水产品供给 Aquatic products supply (AP, ×10⁴ t)	需求量=人均水产品需求量×总人口 Demand = per capita demand for aquatic products × total population	物质量评估 Quality assessment
供给服务 Provisioning service (P)	水资源供给 Water resource supply (WR, ×10⁸ ¥)	需求量=人均用水量×总人口×水价 Demand = per capita water consumption × total population × water price	价值量评估 Value quantity assessment
调节服务 Regulating service (R)	净化水质 Water purification (PW, ×10⁸ ¥)	需求量=人均生活用水量×总人口×净化水体价格 Demand = per capita domestic water consumption × total population × water purification price	价值量评估 Value quantity assessment
调节服务 Regulating service (R)	调节洪水 Flood regulation (RF, ×10⁸ ¥)	需求量=水利建设当年新增固定资产 Demand = new fixed assets in the water conservancy construction year	价值量评估 Value quantity assessment
支持服务 Supporting service (S)	固碳 Carbon fixation (FC, ×10⁴ t)	需求量=人均碳需求×总人口 Demand = carbon demand per capita × total population	物质量评估 Quality assessment
支持服务 Supporting service (S)	释氧 Oxygen release (RO, ×10⁴ t)	需求量=人均氧气需求×总人口 Demand = oxygen demand per capita × total population	物质量评估 Quality assessment
文化服务 Cultural service (C)	美学景观 Aesthetic landscape (AL, ×10⁸ ¥)	需求量=人均旅游花费×总人口 Demand = travel cost per capita × total population	价值量评估 Value quantity assessment

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表 3 2000年和2020年河北滨海湿地面积

Table 3. Areas of Hebei coastal wetland in 2000 and 2020

km²
滨海地区 coastal region	滨海湿地类型 Coastal wetland type	2000	2020
唐秦滨海湿地 Tang and Qin coastal wetland (TQ)	自然湿地 Natural wetland	105.60	28.81
	人工湿地 Constructed wetlands	112.24	182.41
	湿地生态廊道 Wetland ecological corridor	5.27	7.73
	湿地总面积 Total wetland area	217.84	211.22
沧州滨海湿地 Cangzhou Binhai Wetland (CZ)	自然湿地 Natural wetland	144.71	99.56
	人工湿地 constructed wetlands	127.44	170.81
	湿地生态廊道 Wetland ecological corridor	6.47	3.40
	湿地总面积 Total wetland area	272.15	270.37

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