Effects of nano-Si on tomota plant growth and carbohydrates accumulation at low temperature
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摘要: 为探究纳米硅对低温下番茄根系构型及碳水化合物积累的调控机制, 以番茄品种‘中杂9号’为材料, 通过基质盆栽试验, 研究了施用纳米硅对低温下番茄幼苗生物量、根系构型、光合能力以及非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响。结果表明: 1)低温下番茄幼苗生物量、总根长、根尖数、光合色素含量和净光合速率等显著下降(P<0.05), 可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量显著增加(P<0.05), 其中地上部鲜重、净光合速率和总根长分别降低48.60%、66.88%和65.49% (P<0.05)。2)施用纳米硅在常温和低温下均能显著提高番茄幼苗的生物量、根系活力、根尖数、分形维数、净光合速率和非结构性碳水化合物含量, 其中低温下施用纳米硅番茄幼苗根分叉数、净光合速率和叶片可溶性糖含量分别提高35.25%、48.24%和75.69% (P<0.05)。由上可知, 低温严重制约了番茄的光合作用、根系的生长发育以及非结构性碳水化合物的积累, 根系构型参数偏向于不利于植物正常生长的方向变化, 施用纳米硅可通过促进光合色素合成、提高光合速率和根系活力、改善根系构型及提高非结构性碳水化合物积累来提高番茄抗冷性。Abstract: Low temperatures are one of the main limiting factors in the development of agricultural facilities in North China. Farmers need cheap and convenient agronomic measures to improve tomato resistance to low temperatures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nano-Si on root system architecture and the accumulation mechanism of non-structural carbohydrates of tomato seedlings at low temperatures. In this study, the tomato cultivar ‘Zhongza 9’ was cultivated by substrate cultivation and was used as the test material, and the effects of leaf spraying nano-Si (0 mg∙L−1 and 100 mg∙L−1) at room temperature (25 ℃/16 ℃, day/night) and low temperature (15 ℃/6 ℃, day/night) on tomato biomass, root system architecture, photosynthetic capacity, and non-structural carbohydrates contents were studied. The results showed that: 1) At low temperatures, the biomass, total root length, root tips number, photosynthetic pigment content, and net photosynthetic rate of tomatoes were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the contents of soluble sugar, sucrose, and starch were significantly increased (P<0.05), and shoot fresh weight, net photosynthetic rate, and total root length were decreased by 48.60%, 66.88%, and 65.49%, respectively (P<0.05). 2) Application of nano-Si significantly increased tomato biomass, root activity, root tips number, fractal dimension, net photosynthetic rate, and non-structural carbohydrates contents at room temperature and low temperature (P<0.05), whereas application of nano-Si at low temperatures increased the root tips number, net photosynthetic rate, and leaf soluble sugar content by 35.25%, 48.24%, and 75.69%, respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, low temperatures severely restrict photosynthesis, root growth, and transport of non-structural carbohydrates in tomato leaves, and root system architecture parameters tend to change in directions that are not conducive to plant growth. The application of nano-Si could improve the cold resistance of tomatoes by promoting the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, increasing the photosynthetic rate and root activity, improving root system architecture, and increasing the synthesis of non-structural carbohydrates.
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Key words:
- Low temperature /
- Tomato /
- Nano-Si /
- Root system architecture /
- Non-structure carbohydrate
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表 1 各试验处理的温度和纳米硅溶液(NPs)喷施浓度
Table 1. Temperature and spray concentration of nano-Si solution (NPs) for each test treatment
处理
Treatment昼/夜温度
Day/night
temperature (℃)NPs溶液浓度
Concentration of NPs
solution (mg∙L−1)RT 25/16 0 RT+Si 25/16 100 LT 15/6 0 LT+Si 15/6 100 
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表 2 纳米硅对低温下番茄生物量和根系活力的影响
Table 2. Effects of nano-Si on biomass and root activity of tomato seedlings under low temperature
处理
Treatment地上部鲜重
Shoot fresh weight (g)地上部干重
Shoot dry weight (g)地下部鲜重
Root fresh weight (g)地下部干重
Root dry weight (mg)根系活力
Root activity (mg∙g−1∙h−1)RT 12.10±0.36b 1.11±0.02b 3.67±0.32b 239.00±12.00b 0.97±0.03d RT+Si 13.79±0.38a 1.33±0.02a 4.48±0.36a 316.30±7.02a 1.48±0.09c LT 6.22±0.44d 0.86±0.02d 2.07±0.16d 140.00±5.29d 1.84±0.16b LT+Si 9.26±0.44c 1.01±0.03c 2.96±0.20c 182.30±4.16c 2.39±0.08a 同列数据后不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).
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表 3 纳米硅对低温下番茄根系基础指标的影响
Table 3. Effects of nano-Si on root basic indicators of tomato seedlings under low temperature
处理
Treatment总根长
Total root
length (cm)根表面积
Root surface
area (cm2)根平均直径
Mean root
diameter (mm)根体积
Root volume
(cm3)根组织密度
Root tissue density
(cm·cm−3)根长密度
Root length density
(cm·g−3)比根长
Specific root length
(cm·g−1)RT 1278.43±97.48b 195.98±19.51b 0.465±0.005b 2.40±0.19b 2.10±0.18b 7.31±0.56b 348.57±5.70b RT+Si 1650.88±78.59a 264.08±2.59a 0.532±0.004a 3.51±0.04a 2.56±0.21a 9.43±0.45a 369.46±12.83a LT 441.24±23.63d 60.59±3.15d 0.425±0.017d 0.69±0.06d 1.18±0.09d 2.52±0.14d 213.13±7.51d LT+Si 733.61±22.37c 111.03±3.67c 0.498±0.014c 1.38±0.06c 1.69±0.11c 4.19±0.13c 247.94±8.60c 同列数据后不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).
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表 4 纳米硅对低温下番茄根系构型参数的影响
Table 4. Effects of nano-Si on root architecture parameters of tomato seedlings under low temperature
处理
Treatment根分叉数
Root forks根尖数
Root tips内部链接数
Altitude外部链接数
Magnitude拓扑指数
Topological index分形维数
Fractal dimensionRT 2830.00±65.64b 8177.67±305.29b 104.00±2.65b 5413.67±53.26b 0.5402±0.0030d 1.526±0.010b RT+Si 3800.33±51.87a 10 585.00±312.60a 145.67±3.51a 6287.33±74.93a 0.5695±0.0021c 1.662±0.004a LT 1263.33±47.01d 1703.67±112.90d 63.67±2.08d 1327.33±18.82d 0.5776±0.0050b 1.302±0.004d LT+Si 1708.67±98.08c 3548.00±90.07c 97.00±1.00c 2300.33±48.79c 0.5910±0.0022a 1.412±0.024c 同列数据后不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).
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表 5 纳米硅对低温下番茄光合色素含量和净光合速率的影响
Table 5. Effects of nano-Si on photosynthetic pigment contents and net photosynthetic rate of tomato seedlings under low temperature
处理
Treatment叶绿素a
Chlorophyll a
[mg·g−1(FW)]叶绿素b
Chlorophyll b
[mg·g−1(FW)]类胡萝卜素
Carotenoid
[mg·g−1(FW)]叶绿素a/b
Chlorophyll a/b总叶绿素
Total chlorophyll
[mg·g−1(FW)]净光合速率
Net photosynthetic rate
(µmol·m−2·s−1)RT 2.65±0.27a 0.79±0.08a 0.37±0.04a 3.34±0.04a 3.45±0.35a 7.70±0.30b RT+Si 2.65±0.20a 0.82±0.02a 0.41±0.05a 3.22±0.17a 3.47±0.23a 8.46±0.34a LT 1.21±0.07c 0.36±0.02c 0.16±0.01c 3.38±0.10a 1.56±0.09c 2.55±0.11d LT+Si 1.91±0.18b 0.59±0.03b 0.26±0.02b 3.23±0.15a 2.50±0.21b 3.78±0.18c 同列数据后不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).
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表 6 纳米硅对低温下番茄非结构性碳水化合物的影响
Table 6. Effect of nano-Si on non-structural carbohydrates contents of tomato seedlings at low temperature
处理
Treatment可溶性糖含量
Soluble sugar content [mg·g−1(FW)]果糖含量
Fructose content [mg·g−1(FW)]蔗糖含量
Sucrose content [mg·g−1(FW)]淀粉含量
Starch content [mg·g−1(FW)]叶片 Leaf 根系 Root 叶片 Leaf 根系 Root 叶片 Leaf 根系 Root 叶片 Leaf 根系 Root RT 4.42±0.04d 3.03±0.06d 10.09±0.17c 9.53±0.16c 3.22±0.02d 1.50±0.01d 7.48±0.04b 0.85±0.04d RT+Si 12.54±0.26b 8.75±0.02b 11.59±0.34b 11.53±0.26a 4.28±0.03c 2.61±0.02c 8.84±0.04a 2.02±0.02a LT 9.05±0.12c 7.11±0.21c 10.35±0.12c 7.21±0.20d 4.64±0.16b 2.88±0.12b 6.54±0.09d 0.96±0.01c LT+Si 15.90±0.24a 10.28±0.13a 12.65±0.21a 10.17±0.14b 6.28±0.19a 3.49±0.11a 7.29±0.07c 1.47±0.01b 同列数据后不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).
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