聚苯乙烯纳米塑料与铅胁迫对菠菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

郭琳琳; 俎敬美; 王晶晶; 谌柄旭

doi:10.12357/cjea.20220721

聚苯乙烯纳米塑料与铅胁迫对菠菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220721

1.
沧州师范学院生命科学系　沧州　061001
2.
大连大学生命健康学院　大连　116622
3.
沧州环创环保技术服务有限公司　沧州　061001

基金项目: 沧州市重点研发计划指导项目(213109014)资助

详细信息

通讯作者:
郭琳琳, 主要从事生态毒理学、污染生态系研究。E-mail: 451630739@qq.com

中图分类号: X503.231
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-21
- 录用日期: 2022-12-27
- 修回日期: 2023-01-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-07

Effects of the combination of polystyrene nanoplastics and Pb on seed germination and seedling growth of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

1.
Department of Life Science, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou 061001, China
2.
College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
3.
Cangzhou Huanchuang Environmental Protection Technology Service Co. LTD, Cangzhou 061001, China

Funds: The study was supported by the Key research and development plan guidance project of Cangzhou (213109014).

More Information

Corresponding author: GUO Linlin, E-mail: glinlin11@126.com

摘要

摘要: 微塑料作为一种新型环境污染物, 对生物体和自然环境的负面影响受到广泛关注, 而微塑料与重金属复合污染对于蔬菜作物影响的研究却少有报道。为探讨聚苯乙烯纳米塑料(PSNPs)、铅(Pb)及其复合污染对菠菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响, 研究了菠菜种子和幼苗分别暴露于200~1600 mg∙L⁻¹ PSNPs、5~100 mg∙L⁻¹ Pb及其复合溶液后发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、根长、芽长, 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性, 及可溶性蛋白含量的变化。结果表明, 单一的PSNPs (≥400 mg∙L⁻¹)胁迫会显著降低种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数, 低浓度的PSNPs (200 mg∙L⁻¹)胁迫显著促进菠菜种子根、芽的伸长, 高浓度(1600 mg∙L⁻¹)的PSNPs胁迫显著抑制SOD、POD的活性, 不同浓度的PSNPs均会增加可溶性蛋白的含量, 但仅在800 mg∙L⁻¹浓度组显著高于对照组。单一的Pb (≥25 mg∙L⁻¹)胁迫抑制菠菜种子的萌发, 降低SOD的活性, 而提高POD活性和可溶性蛋白的含量。PSNPs和Pb的复合污染表明, 相比于Pb单一胁迫, PSNPs与Pb复合污染对菠菜种子的萌发起拮抗作用, 降低了Pb单独胁迫对种子萌发的抑制作用; 而PSNPs-Pb复合污染对菠菜幼苗的影响主要是低浓度(200 mg∙L⁻¹)PSNPs与Pb二者表现为协同作用, 高浓度(800 mg∙L⁻¹) PSNPs与Pb复合污染加重了对菠菜幼苗的毒害, 主要表现为SOD和POD活性的显著降低。研究表明, PSNPs能够缓解Pb对菠菜种子萌发的抑制作用; 低浓度PSNPs (200 mg∙L⁻¹)与Pb对菠菜幼苗的影响表现为协同作用, 而高浓度(800 mg∙L⁻¹)PSNPs与Pb对菠菜幼苗主要表现为拮抗作用。
- 聚苯乙烯纳米塑料 /
- 铅 /
- 菠菜 /
- 种子萌发 /
- 幼苗生长
Abstract: Microplastics (MPs), a new type of environmental pollutant, have attracted widespread concern for their negative effects on organisms and environment. However, there are few reports on the impacts of co-contamination of MPs and heavy metals on vegetable crops. To explore the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs), lead (Pb) and their co-contamination on seed germination and seedling growth of spinach, we investigated the germination rate, germination vigor, germination index, root length, shoot length, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and soluble protein contents of spinach seeds and seedings respectively, which were exposed to control, PSNPs (200, 400, 800, 1600 mg·L⁻¹) and Pb (5, 25, 50, 100 mg·L⁻¹) and their combination (Pb5+PSNPs200, Pb5+PSNPs800, Pb50+PSNPs200, Pb50+PSNPs800). The results showed that single effects of PSNPs (≥400 mg·L⁻¹) decreased the germination rate, germination vigor, germination index significantly, but there was no significant difference between 200 mg·L⁻¹ PSNPs and control above those indicators. PSNPs at low concentration (200 mg·L⁻¹) promoted the length of roots and shoots, but other concentrations (≥400 mg·L⁻¹) of PSNPs had no significant impacts on roots and shoots. The activity of SOD was inhibited at high concentration (≥800 mg·L⁻¹) of PSNPs, and the POD activity was induced when PSNPs≤800 mg·L⁻¹, while POD was inhibited at the high concentration(1600 mg·L⁻¹) of PSNPs. The soluble protein content in spinach seedlings of different concentrations of PSNPs increased, but the content was significantly higher than the control at 800 mg·L⁻¹. Under Pb alone, the germination rate, germination vigor and germination index were reduced. Further, treatments with low concentration (5 mg·L⁻¹) of Pb increased root and shoot length, while high concentrations (≥25 mg·L⁻¹) reduced them. Moreover, inhibition of SOD and induction of POD were observed in the treatments of Pb. With the increase of Pb concentration, the soluble protein content of spinach seedlings decreased firstly at the low concentration (5 mg·L⁻¹) and then increased. Compared with single Pb treatment, combined effects of PSNPs and Pb were generally antagonistic on the seed germination, for example, PSNPs weakened the promotion effects of low concentration(5 mg∙L⁻¹) of Pb, and inhibited the growth of root and shoot of spinach seeds, while alleviated the inhibitory effects of high concentrations (50 mg∙L⁻¹) of Pb on root and shoot growth. Low concentration (200 mg·L⁻¹) of PSNPs and Pb showed synergistic effects in spinach seedings, such as enhanced the induction effects of Pb on POD activity. And the co-contamination of PSNPs in high concentration (800 mg·L⁻¹) and Pb caused greater damage to seedings, for the activity of SOD and POD decreased significantly. The results showed that PSNPs could alleviate the inhibition effects of Pb on the germination of spinach seed. Low concentration of PSNPs (200 mg∙L⁻¹) and Pb mainly showed synergistic effects, while high concentration of 800 mg∙L⁻¹ PSNPs and Pb mainly showed antagonistic effects. This study demonstrates the co-contamination of PSNPs and Pb has significant toxicity on seed germination and seedling growth involved antioxidant system and soluble protein of spinach. In conclusion, coexisting PSNPs can change Pb bioavailability and plant performance. Our findings can help to evaluate the individual and comprehensive toxicity of microplastics and heavy metals to vegetable crops.
- Polystyrene nanoplastics /
- Lead /
- Spinach /
- Seed germination /
- Seedling growth

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表 1 单一聚苯乙烯纳米塑料或单一Pb对菠菜种子萌发及根长和芽长的影响

Table 1. Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) or Pb on germination, and root length and shoot length of spinach seeds alone

处理组 Treatment		发芽率 Germination rate (%)	发芽势 Germination vigor (%)	发芽指数 Germination index	根长 Root length (cm)	芽长 Shoot length (cm)
PSNPs浓度 PSNPs concentration (mg∙L⁻¹)	0	77.50±9.57a	27.50±5.00a	5.30±0.46a	2.36±0.03b	2.5±0.07bc
	200	80.00±8.17a	22.50±5.00ab	5.39±0.32a	2.48±0.03a	2.65±0.04a
	400	32.50±9.57b	15.00±5.77bc	2.38±0.69b	2.40±0.08ab	2.58±0.03ab
	800	25.00±5.77b	12.50±5.00c	1.73±0.55bc	2.44±0.06ab	2.41±0.11c
	1600	20.00±8.17b	7.50±5.00c	1.42±0.49c	2.39±0.05b	2.44±0.09c
Pb浓度 Pb concentration (mg∙L⁻¹)	0	77.50±9.57a	27.50±9.57ab	5.30±0.46a	2.36±0.03b	2.50±0.07b
	5	50.00±8.17b	35.00±5.77a	4.55±0.62ab	2.60±0.11a	2.80±0.04a
	25	50.00±8.17b	22.50±9.57bc	3.81±0.71b	1.98±0.03c	2.54±0.05b
	50	27.50±9.57c	15.00±5.77cd	2.36±0.39c	1.60±0.11d	2.11±0.09c
	100	20.00±8.17c	7.50±9.57d	1.27±0.52d	1.50±0.04d	1.93±0.06d
同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

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表 2 聚苯乙烯纳米塑料与Pb复合对菠菜种子萌发以及根长、芽长的影响

Table 2. Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) and Pb on seed germination, root length and bud length of spinach

处理组 Treatment	发芽率 Germination rate (%)	发芽势 Germination vigor (%)	发芽指数 Germination index	根长 Root length (cm)	芽长 Bud length (cm)
空白对照 Control	77.50±9.57a	27.50±9.57c	5.30±0.46b	2.37±0.03c	2.50±0.07c
Pb5	50.00±8.17b	35.00±5.77bc	4.55±0.62b	2.60±0.11b	2.80±0.04a
Pb50	27.50±9.57c	15.00±5.77d	2.36±0.39c	1.60±0.11e	2.11±0.09e
Pb5+PSNPs200	70.00±8.17a	50.00±8.17a	6.46±0.79a	2.68±0.07b	2.79±0.03ab
Pb5+PSNPs800	72.50±9.57a	17.50±5.00d	4.42±0.64b	2.25±0.08c	2.33±0.10d
Pb50+PSNPs200	75.00±5.77a	42.50±5.00ab	6.27±0.34a	3.71±0.17a	2.69±0.05b
Pb50+PSNPs800	80.00±8.17a	15.00±5.77d	4.63±0.92b	2.08±0.07d	2.20±0.09e
Pb5: 5 mg∙L⁻¹铅溶液; Pb50: 50 mg∙L⁻¹铅溶液; PSNPs200: 200 mg∙L⁻¹聚苯乙烯纳米塑料悬浮液; PSNPs800: 800 mg∙L⁻¹聚苯乙烯纳米塑料悬浮液。同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。Pb5: 5 mg∙L⁻¹ Pb; Pb50: 50 mg∙L⁻¹ Pb; PSNPs200: 200 mg∙L⁻¹ PSNPs; PSNPs800: 800 mg∙L⁻¹ PSNPs. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

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表 3 单一聚苯乙烯纳米塑料或单一Pb对菠菜幼苗生理指标的影响

Table 3. Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) or Pb on physiological indexes of spinach seedlings alone

处理组 Treatment		超氧化物歧化酶 superoxide dismutase (U·g⁻¹)	过氧化物酶 peroxidase (U·g⁻¹)	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (μg·g⁻¹)
PSNPs浓度 PSNPs concentration (mg∙L⁻¹)	0	664.36±18.03a	85.00±5.18d	3.00±0.25b
	200	653.98±14.61a	117.60±4.18c	3.01±0.03b
	400	656.06±21.53a	155.00±5.09a	3.40±0.06b
	800	595.89±11.04b	138.50±7.10b	4.17±0.12a
	1600	562.30±15.08c	30.00±1.55e	3.32±0.36b
Pb浓度 Pb concentration (mg∙L⁻¹)	0	664.36±18.03a	85.00±5.18c	3.00±0.25b
	5	456.75±14.47b	127.50±7.55b	2.71±0.01c
	25	195.16±14.91c	366.25±10.44a	3.40±0.01a
	50	123.88±9.80d	140.00±11.53b	3.49±0.01a
	100	103.81±14.90d	132.50±9.17b	3.53±0.01a
同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

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表 4 聚苯乙烯纳米塑料与Pb复合对菠菜幼苗生理指标的影响

Table 4. Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) and Pb on physiological indexes of spinach seedings

处理 Treatments	超氧化物歧化酶 Superoxide dismutase (U·g⁻¹)	过氧化物酶 Peroxidase (U·g⁻¹)	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (μg·g⁻¹)
空白对照 Control	664.36±18.03a	85.00±5.18d	3.00±0.25bc
Pb 5	456.75±14.47b	127.50±7.55c	2.71±0.01c
Pb 50	123.88±9.80d	140.00±11.53c	3.49±0.01a
Pb 5＋PSNPs200	269.90±15.38c	510.00±24.98a	2.61±0.30c
Pb 5＋PSNPs 800	141.18±7.27d	70.00±5.29d	3.36±0.30ab
Pb 50＋PSNPs 200	137.02±10.17d	242.00±14.80b	3.58±0.26a
Pb 50＋PSNPs 800	128.97±6.22d	62.00±3.61d	1.90±0.19d
Pb5: 5 mg∙L⁻¹铅溶液; Pb50: 50 mg∙L⁻¹铅溶液; PSNPs200: 200 mg∙L⁻¹聚苯乙烯纳米塑料悬浮液; PSNPs800: 800 mg∙L⁻¹聚苯乙烯纳米塑料悬浮液。同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。Pb5: 5 mg∙L⁻¹ Pb; Pb50: 50 mg∙L⁻¹ Pb; PSNPs200: 200 mg∙L⁻¹ PSNPs; PSNPs800: 800 mg∙L⁻¹ PSNPs. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

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