不同锌水平对低剂量镉在水稻中迁移能力的影响

Effects of zinc level on low dose cadmium transport in rice plant

  • 摘要: 本研究利用水稻作为供试植物, 在轻度镉(Cd)污染镉浓度分别为0 mg·L1、0.01 mg·L1(低剂量)、0.03 mg·L1 (中剂量)、0.09 mg·L1(高剂量)水培条件下, 通过外源添加不同剂量锌(Zn, 浓度分别为0 mg·L1、0.025 mg·L1、0.05 mg·L1、0.1 mg·L1、0.2 mg·L1)研究水稻生物量变化及Cd在水稻体内分布和迁移, 探索Zn、Cd间的相互关系, 并筛选治理水稻Cd污染的最适外源Zn浓度。结果表明, 施加外源Zn水稻根茎叶的生物量均有所增加, 且Zn浓度为0.05 mg·L1效果最显著。缺Zn条件(0 mg·L1)下, 水稻根细胞质和细胞壁中的Cd含量比值随外源Cd浓度增加而降低; 加入外源Zn后, 细胞质与细胞壁中Cd含量比值有上升趋势, 0.03 mg·L1 Cd水平下变化显著。中低剂量(0.01~0.03 mg·L1)Cd水平下, 施加Zn可降低水稻根部对Cd的吸收和转运。其中Zn浓度为0.05 mg·L1时, 水稻根、茎、叶中的Cd含量下降最为显著, 分别下降38%、71%、65%(低剂量Cd)和44%、79%、69%(中剂量Cd), 且水稻根与茎、根与叶的转移系数分别降低53%和44%(低剂量Cd)、62%和40%(中剂量Cd); 而后随Zn浓度增加水稻各部位Cd含量及转移系数无显著变化。在高剂量Cd环境下, 施加外源Zn对水稻根、茎、叶Cd含量没有显著的抑制作用。因此, 在中低剂量的Cd污染条件下, Zn、Cd间存在明显的拮抗作用, 且外源添加0.05 mg·L1 Zn是降低水稻Cd吸收迁移及增加水稻产量的最适浓度。

     

    Abstract: The interaction of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in soil is critical for the uptake and transport of Cd in rice plants. However, the effect of Zn levels on the interactions of Zn and Cd or on the rate of transport of Cd in rice plants is still not entirely clear. In this study, rice plant biomass, and Cd transport and distribution in rice plant were investigated in hydroponic experiment of mild Cd pollution with exogenous Zn addition. In the experiment, Cd concentrations were 0.01 mg·L1 (low dose), 0.03 mg·L1 (medium dose), 0.09 mg·L1 (high dose), and 0 mg·L1 (control); and exogenous Zn were 0.025 mg·L1, 0.05 mg·L1, 0.1 mg·L1, 0.2 mg·L1. The aim of the study was to determine the mechanism of interactions between Zn and Cd and to identify the optimal Zn concentration that effectively reduced Cd pollution in rice. The results showed that biomasses of different parts of rice plant increased significantly with increasing concentration of Zn. The increase of biomass was highest in 0.05 mg·L1 exogenous Zn treatment. However, there was no significant increase when Zn concentration exceeded 0.05 mg·L1. Due to the low dose of Cd in the experiment, there was no significant variation in rice plant biomass with increasing Cd concentration without exogenous Zn. Under Zn-free condition, the ratio of cytoplasm Cd to cell-wall Cd in rice root reduced from 2.88 to 1.04 with increasing Cd concentration. With the applying of exogenous Zn, the ratio of cytoplasm Cd to cell-wall Cd showed increasing tendency, especially under 0.03 mg·L1 Cd. Under medium-to-low Cd dose (0.01–0.03 mg·L1), Zn significantly inhibited the uptake and transport of Cd in root, which significantly reduced Cd concentration in rice cytoplasm and cell wall. Compared with Zn-free treatment, 0.05 mg·L1 Zn significantly reduced Cd content in rice. The concentration of Cd in plant root, stem and leaf reduced by 38%, 71% and 65% under low-dose Cd and by 44%, 79% and 69% under medium- dose Cd, respectively. The rate of transport of Cd between roots and stems, and between roots and leaves decreased by 53% and 44% under low-dose Cd, and by 62% and 40% under medium-dose Cd, respectively. When Zn concentration exceeded 0.05 mg·L1, there was no obvious change in the concentration of Cd in roots, stems and leaves along with the rate of Cd transport in rice. Under high concentration of Cd (0.09 mg·L1), there was no obvious decline in Cd concentration in roots, stems and leaves due to addition of exogenous Zn. Addition of Zn promoted the absorption of Cd by rice stem and leaf. There was no obvious antagonism between Zn and Cd under high Cd concentration, although the synergies were obvious. Thus under medium-to-low dose Cd conditions, Zn controlled the phyto-availability of Cd due to obvious antagonistic effects between Zn and Cd. Application of 0.05 mg·L1 Zn significantly reduced Cd phyto-availability and migration in rice and maximally increased plant biomass under low concentrations of Cd in hydroponic cultures.

     

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