西南喀斯特山区农果草系统耦合及生产效益分析——以广西平果县果化镇龙何屯为例

Integrated crop,fruit and pasture system and its eco-economic benefits in Southwest China karst terrain—A case study of Longhe Village,Guohua Town,Pingguo County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

  • 摘要: 本研究设计通过生态功能的转换,引入高效生态农业技术,提出了山顶优良树种封植、山腰果草+果药套种、山洼地粮果(草)结合、庭院畜牧圈养和半圈养、联动节水的水分贮存和输送灌溉网的农业生态系统空间发展的农果草耦合模式,引入地草轮作技术、果草(药)复合技术、秸草秆垫圈沤肥技术、石山人工草地的建植和管理技术、以及石山区水资源开发和节水灌溉技术等关键技术。通过家畜消耗农田输出的作物籽粒、饲草等,实现饲草生产供应与家畜生长需求的平衡配置;同时利用家畜圈肥调节玉米和果树地、草地的物质循环与能量流动,调控农果草地的耦合生产,最大限度提升岩溶峰丛洼地区域土地资源的综合利用效率,以获取最佳生态和经济效益。该研究经济效益成效显著,如火龙果(投产第1年)套种板兰根收入可达44775元/hm2,比单纯种植玉米和黄豆增收260.5%,而火龙果套种牧草,再耦合养山羊,则收入可达60330元/hm2,比玉米大豆耦合养猪增收230.2%。

     

    Abstract: This paper established an effective eco-agricultural system through eco-function transformation designing.In the system,the mountain tops are cultivated with closed fine tree species,the middle part of the slopes is rotation cropping subsystem of fruit/pasture and/or fruit/herb,the lower and bottom parts of the slopes is a crop-pasture rotation subsystem,and the courtyards of farm households is a closed animal husbandry.A water-saving model of crop-fruit-pasture is established based on water storage and ducting net.A series of techniques are introduced,including integration of fruit-pasture\herb,manure and straw compost,pasture establishment and management,water resource exploitation and watersaving irrigation,and so on.Livestock forms the center of the system,which transforms the crop grain and pasture into manure that in turn enriches soils planted with crops,fruit and pasture,and accelerates material and energy cycling,thereby improves utilization efficiency of the natural resources.

     

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