北京农田污水灌溉正负效应价值评价研究

Economic evaluation of sewage irrigated agricultural lands in the rural suburbs of Beijing.

  • 摘要: 采用环境经济学方法对北京市郊区农田污水灌溉的正负效应价值进行了评估。结果表明:2002年北京市农田污水灌溉的正效应价值约为4.62亿元,占当年农业增加值的9.3%,其中减少污水处理成本和节约清洁水资源的价值所占份额较大,分别为49.7%和27.6%,其次为节约化肥和粮食增产价值,分别为18.1%、3.1%;负效应价值约为1.39亿元,占当年农业增加值的2.8%,其中粮食减产造成的损失占总损失的46.5%,品质下降占2.2%,土壤污染占30.3%,人体健康损失占15.7%, 而地下水污染占5.2%。污水灌溉的正负效应价值比为3.3∶1,其中污水灌溉的直接经济价值为负效应价值的1.7倍,说明污水灌溉的经济收益几乎完全是靠牺牲环境所维持的。因此必须高度重视污水灌溉造成的污染损失。

     

    Abstract: Environmental economic methods were used to evaluate the economic effect of sewage irrigation on suburban farms of Beijing. The results show that economic benefit of sewage irrigation in 2002 is 462 million RMB, a 9.3% increase in agricultural production value.Savings from polluted water processing and clean water consumption are in the highest proportions,49.7% and 27.6% respectively, and those from fertilizer and crop yield increase account for 18.1% and 3.1% of overall value increase. Total loss induced by sewage irrigation stands at 139 million RMB, constituting 2.8% increase in agricultural production in 2002, 46.5% of which is from crop yield drop, 2.2% from crop pollution,30.3% from soil pollution, 15.7% from health risk and 5.2% from groundwater pollution. The positive to negative value ratio of sewage irrigation is 3.3 and sewage irrigation direct benefit is about 1.7 times of total environmental loss. This implies that economic benefit from sewage irrigation is sustained at the expense of the environment.Thus much attention should be paid to such losses by relevant agencies,government or otherwise.

     

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