松嫩平原西部盐碱湿地“稻-苇-鱼”模式研究

Evaluation of rice-reed-fish model in salinized wetland of west Songnen Plain, China

  • 摘要: 松嫩平原西部有盐碱化土地373万hm2,其中盐碱化湿地100万hm2,土地盐碱化成为制约区域农业发展的重要因素。针对区内盐碱化湿地特点,建立了种植业与养殖业有机结合的“稻-苇-鱼”生态模式。盐碱湿地“稻-苇-鱼”系统的种群多样性增加,水分利用效率和肥料利用率提高。该系统中,稻田排水是苇田水源,水中的浮游生物为鱼类提供了饵料,湖泡底泥还田,提高了稻田有机质含量,改善了土壤结构。该模式实施10年后,稻田土壤盐分含量由开垦前的4.54g/kg下降到2.98g/kg,土壤有机质由开垦前的16.43g/kg增加到24.45g/kg。通过对“稻-苇-鱼”系统模型参数调控,可实现对系统目标的控制。

     

    Abstract: With a total land area of 3.73 million hm2, 1 million hm2 of west Songnen Plain is a salinized wetland. This is a major factor inhibiting agricultural development in the region. Rice-reed-fish model was established in accordance with the characteristics of salinized wetlands in the plain. The model is developed to increase biological diversity and water and fertilizer use efficiencies through mutually beneficial linkages between rice,reed and fish farming. In the rice-reed-fish system,drainage from the rice field serves as irrigation source for planktons,and the planktons in turn serve as feed source for the fish. Then loamy earth on the lake bed is used as organic fertilizer for paddy rice cultivation. Ten years after establishment, soil salinity has reduced from 4.54g/kg to 2.98g/kg and soil organic matter content has increased from 16.43g/kg to 24.45g/kg in the rice paddy.An additional advantage is that the model parameters are flexible and can be adjusted to reflect the objectives of the system.

     

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