甲基溴替代技术对番茄温室土壤养分及微生物量碳的影响

Impact of alternative methyl bromide technology on soil nutrient and microbial biomass carbon in tomato greenhouse

  • 摘要: 试验于2001~2003年研究了甲基溴替代技术对温室番茄土壤养分及微生物量碳的影响,替代技术为太阳能配合生防制剂木霉菌(SS+BCA)、甲基溴及减量甲基溴(常规用量75%)覆盖不透膜(MB+VIF)、威百亩(MS)及减量威百亩(常规用量75%)覆盖不透膜(MS+VIF)。结果表明:2001~2002年各处理对土壤pH、有效磷、有效钾及阳离子交换量影响不显著,甲基溴熏蒸(VIF膜和PE膜)提高了土壤铵态氮的释放;4个化学处理(MB,MB+VIF,MS及MS+VIF)可显著降低土壤微生物量碳含量,但彼此之间差异不显著。2002~2003年增施有机肥后,4个化学处理效果与2001~2002年相同,太阳能消毒则提高了土壤铵态氮的释放,对土壤微生物碳的影响也达到化学处理的水平。两季番茄中土壤微生物量碳均季节性波动明显,施用有机肥可加速微生物的周转。

     

    Abstract: Four alternative technologies to the use of methyl bromide with ordinary film(MB+PE), metham sodium with ordinary film(MS+PE), MB and MS dosage reduction by virtually impermeable films(VIF) and soil solarization in combination with selected biological control agents(SS+BCA), were chosen for application to an experimental site in Qingzhou, Shandong Province from 2001 to 2003. Soil nutrient indices and microbial biomass C were respectively investigated. Results for 2001~2002 show that soil pH, available P and K and cation exchange capacity(CEC) have no significant difference among the treatment plots. Methyl bromide fumigation measures under PE and VIF prompt release of NH+4-N. Soil microbial biomass C decreases after soil disinfection and has no significant difference among treatments with MB+PE, MB+VIF, MS+PE and MS+VIF. Results for 2002~2003,when organic fertilizers were applied, are similar to that for 2001~2002,except that SS+BCA promotes NH+4-N release and decreases microbial biomass C. In the two years of 2001~2003,microbial biomass C shows significant seasonal variation and application of organic fertilizer accelerates microbial biomass C turnover.

     

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