温湿度条件与凯特杧两性花百分率关系的研究

Relationship between humidity,temperature and bisexual flower ratio of Kate mango

  • 摘要: 为探索温湿度条件与杧果两性花百分率的关系,以“凯特杧”为研究对象,以两性花百分率为方程依变量,55个温湿度因子为自变量,应用数理统计方法分析了两者的相关关系。结果表明:“凯特杧”是两性花百分率较高的品种,随花期延后,温度增高,两性花百分率提高;花器官主要分化期自开花前30d开始至花前1d结束;两性花百分率受花器官主要分化期日均高温、日均温、日均低温和日积温的影响,四者的影响规律相似。花前21~30d、11~15d、1~5d的日均高温、日均温、日均低温、日积温以及花前6~10d的日均温、日均低温、日积温与两性花百分率为直线相关,随温度增高,两性花百分率提高;花前16~20d的日均高温、日均温、日均低温、日积温以及花前6~10d的日均高温与两性花百分率为多项式线性相关,温度由低升高两性花百分率提高,但超过一定温度则降低。花器官主要分化期全程的日均空气湿度均对两性花百分率有影响,但最敏感时期为花前11~20d。由此认为,“凯特杧”小花子房退化与花器官主要分化期所处的温湿度环境密切相关,适当高的温湿度有利于子房的发育和两性花百分率的提高。

     

    Abstract: To determine the relationship between the percentage of bisexual flowers and humidity-temperature factors and to provide a theoretical base for the regulation of flower sexual differentiation and blossom period, a linear correlation between bisexual flower rate of Kate mango and 55 humidity-temperature factors was established through statistical methods. Results show that Kate mango bisexual flower percentage is high and rises with temperature increase.The major differentiating anaphases of the floral organ are from 30 to 1 day before blossom. Bisexual flower percentage is influenced by daily average maximum temperature, daily average temperature, daily average minimum temperature, and daily accumulated temperature in the major differentiating anaphase of the floral organ. A positive linear correlation is found between bisexual flower percentage and daily average maximum temperature, daily average temperature, daily average minimum temperature, and accumulated daily temperature in 21~30 days, 11~15 days, and 1~5 days before blossom. A similar correlation exists between bisexual flower percentage and daily average temperature, daily average minimum temperature, and accumulated daily temperature in 6~10 days before blossom. A polynomial correlation is found between bisexual flower percentage with daily average maximum temperature, daily average temperature, daily average minimum temperature, and daily accumulate temperature in 16~20 days before blossom and daily average maximum temperature in 6~10 days before lossom,indicating that the bisexual flower percentage rises with temperature increase but decreases when temperatures go above a certain threshold. The daily average humidity in the entire differentiating anaphase influences bisexual flower percentage especially 11~20 days before blossom. Thus degeneration of the Kate mango small flower ovaries has a significant correlation with humidity-temperature conditions in differentiation,anaphase of floral organ and proper high humidity-temperature favors ovary growth and increase in bisexual flower rate.

     

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