Abstract: The basic concept and characteristics of ecological river course were expounded, and the insufficiencies in the ecological river course construction were pointed out. Ecological river course construction involves maintaining river course functions,recovering and rebuilding river course ecosystem of ecologically functional areas of the river course.Based on the concept of ecological river course construction,evaluation index system of ecological river course in south China was set up and indexes vividly quantified. This is intended to lay the foundation for ecological river course evaluation and provide direction for ecological river course construction in the region.