番茄抗性砧木对温室根结线虫和土壤自由生活线虫群落结构动态的影响

Impact of tomato resistant rootstock on the root-knot and soil free-living nematodes dynamics and community composition

  • 摘要: 抗性砧木嫁接是一种有效防治蔬菜根结线虫病的生物方法。研究番茄抗性砧木Beaufort(Lycopersicon lycopersicum×L.hirsutum)对其靶标生物——根结线虫和非靶标生物——土壤自由生活线虫的种群动态和群落结构影响的结果表明:抗性砧木小区根结线虫2龄幼虫密度显著低于对照小区,根结线虫2龄幼虫取样时间之间变动显著;根据营养来源可将线虫分为4大营养类群,即食细菌、食真菌、食植物、杂食/捕食性,食真菌、食植物线虫密度变动显著,抗性砧木小区食细菌线虫密度高于对照小区,食真菌线虫密度低于对照小区;应用食真菌线虫数量/食细菌线虫数量指数F/B、修改后的F/B指数、多样性指数H′、丰富度指数D、均匀度指数J、优势度指数λ分析比较抗性砧木小区和对照区土壤线虫生物多样性变化规律,F/B、修改后的F/B、丰富度指数H′和均匀度指数J取样时间之间变动显著,F/B、修改后的F/B、优势度指数λ和均匀度J指数能较好地反映抗性砧木嫁接对线虫群落结构的影响。

     

    Abstract: The impact of tomato resistant rootstock Beaufort(Lycopersicon lycopersicum×L. hirsutum) on root-knot nematodes and free-living nematodes in soil was studied under green house conditions. A two-way ANOVA (treatment×date) analysis on the density of the second stage juvenile root-knot nematodes (J2) indicates highly significant differences between sampling dates; and J2 in resistant rootstock plots significantly lower than in control plots. Free-living soil nematodes are classified into four trophic groups: bacterivores, fungivores, plant parasites and omnivores/predators, based on their nutrition resources. Significant differences are observed in fungivores and plant parasites among sampling dates; and the tomato resistant rootstock decreases the density of fungivores but increases the density of the bacterivorous nematodes. Ecological indices of fungivore/bacterivore ratio (F/B), fungivore/“bacterivore+fungivore”ratio (modified F/B), diversity, richness, evenness and dominance are compared between the treatment and control plots. F/B, modified F/B, richness and evenness show significant inconsistencies among sample dates, but more sensitive than other ecological indices used in the assessment of the impact of the tomato resistant rootstock on nematode community structure.

     

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