Abstract: The spatial distribution of light,quantity of heat,water and land resources were analyzed based on the statistic materials and weather data of four weather stations in Shihezi area.The photosynthetic and photo-thermal productive potentials of major desert crops under different light energy utilization ratios in Shihezi were also analyzed.Shihezi area owns abundant light resources,being more than middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River and other areas with same latitude in China.The increasing desert temperatures imply that the quantity of heat resource in desert oasis of Shihezi area is much higher than inland arable lands of the same latitude.The little rainfall in this area can basically meet the requirement of irrigated agricultural production.The land resource is abundant but with lower agrarian quality.Results indicate significant differences between real yield and photosynthetic,photo-thermal productive potentials,and water is the first important limiting factor and heat second for the production increasing in this area.On the bases of farmland resource potential,light and heat resource potentials of the arable lands,water resource potential,the optimized measures and modes of sustainable utilization of natural resources are advanced.