杀虫剂和除草剂对生防菌盾壳霉生长的影响

Influences of insecticides and herbicides on the growth of the biocontrol fungus Coniothyrium minitans Campbell

  • 摘要: 本研究采用FAO推荐的菌落直径法测定了8种杀虫剂、4种除草剂、3种植物生长调节剂和1种农用抗菌素对盾壳霉菌丝的毒力。研究结果表明,杀虫剂中氯氰菊酯、阿维菌素、毒死蜱和敌敌畏对盾壳霉生长的抑制作用较大,但除敌敌畏外,其他杀虫剂EC50值均高于相应的田间最大推荐使用浓度(MRAR);辛硫磷和氧乐果对盾壳霉的抑制作用次之;而吡虫啉和灭多威则对其生长几乎没有抑制作用。4种除草剂的EC50值均明显低于相应的MRAR值,对盾壳霉生长有强的抑制作用。在正常使用浓度下植物生长调节剂萘乙酸、赤霉素、云大120对盾壳霉的生长几乎没有抑制作用。链霉素对其生长有一定影响,但EC50明显高于MRAR值。因此,在使用盾壳霉防治菌核病的田中,可以合理使用较安全的植物生长调节剂及吡虫啉和灭多威等杀虫剂,而应尽量减少和避免使用吡氟乙草灵、草甘膦、百草枯等除草剂。

     

    Abstract: The colony-diameter methods recommended by FAO were used to evaluate the toxicity of eight insecticides, four her bicides, three plant-growth regulators and one antibiotic to Coniothyrium minitans Campbell. Results show that among insecticides, cypermethrin, abamectin, chlorpyrfos and dichlorovos are most toxic to the biocontrol agent (EC50>MRAR, Maximal recommended application rate), followed by phoxim and omethoate, however, imidacloprid and methomyl hardly have inhibitory effects. All herbicides tested can strongly inhibit mycelial growth and their EC50 values are significantly lower than the MRAR. Under the recommended application rates, all plant-growth regulators tested are safe to the fungus. Although streptomycin sulfate has some inhibiting effects on the growth of C. minitans, its EC50 value is higher than the MRAR. It is suggested that the plant-growth regulators, such as naphthaleneacetic acid, gibberellic acid, brassinolide, and insecticides, such as imidacloprid and methomyl may be safely used in the fields using C. minitans to control sclerotinia disease, but herbicide lactofen, haloxyfop-R-Methyl, paraquat and glyphosate should be restrictedly used.

     

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