Abstract: Effects of fertilization depth on root system distribution and senescence of winter wheat were studied on the Experimental Farm of Shanxi Agricultural University with a soil column culture. The results indicate that the root system distribution changes with fertilization depth. Fertilization in the depth of 50～100cm can lead to the increase of root weight, root vigor of sub-layer, flag leaf area and net photosynthesis ratio, meanwhile it keeps the activities of SOD and POD in root system at a high level. The content of MDA in wheat root system is decreased, and the senescence of wheat delays,the yield increases. The study also shows that super-deep (150cm) application of fertilizer has an inductive effect on root growing downwards also, but the total root weight and yield decreases sharply. It is suggested that the 50～100cm depth of fertilization could be used as an effective way to delay senescence and increase yield.