Abstract: Based on two years field research, the soil fertility and the soil environmental quality of typical tea gardens in Jiangsu Province were analyzed. The results show that the tea garden soils are generally fecund, but the soil organic matter content is appreciably low in some tea gardens. Among the fertilizers applied, the rapeseed meal is of reasonable nutrient composition, high organic matter content and low heavy mental content, so it is the best organic fertilizer for a long-term application in tea gardens. In the regular management of tea gardens, the fertilization is usually delayed 1～2 months. Acidification is serious in the majority of tea garden soil, moreover, the lead content of soil exceeds the standard in a few areas. The high lead content of soil can cause the lead content in tea to exceed the standard, thus influencing the safety of tea quality.