Abstract: The comparison of ecological effects of pure tea plantation and tea-Chinese fir complex plantation in hilly red soil of subtropical region of China had been made. Chinese fir was planted around and between the tea plantation, showing that the intensity of illumination in complex plantation decreases by 31.1%～50.1% than that in pure tea plantation; the air temperature, soil temperature, leaves temperature and the frequency of high temperature are also lowered, however, the humidity and moisture content increased. In addition, the number of pests in complex plantation decreases by 54.6% than that in pure tea plantation, and the number of natural enemies of pests increases by 118.75%.The tea yield is increased and its quality is improved in the tea-Chinese fir complex plantation.