无机与有机肥配施下紫色土铵态氮、硝态氮时空变异研究——夏玉米季

spatial variations of soil ammonia and nitrate under application of inorganic and organic fertilizers in purple soil—Summer corn season

    摘要
  • 摘要: 研究分析夏玉米季几种施肥制度紫色土NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量时空分配特征结果表明，各处理土壤NH+4-N、NO-3-N含量负相关性强；土壤NH+4-N含量随时间呈“波浪”形变化，成熟期剖面含量呈“K”字型分布，而土壤NO-3-N含量则时空分布均较紊乱。降雨和作物根系分布是影响土壤NO-3-N运移的重要因子，降雨对土壤NO-3-N的淋溶影响显著，施肥改变了土体NO-3-N含量，增强淋溶的可能性，其淋溶趋势为纯化肥＞纯猪粪＞猪粪+化肥＞对照（CK）处理；作物根系分布与土体NO-3-N的吸收与淋失密切相关，施用有机肥促进作物根系生长，有利于作物对深层次养分的吸收利用；合理施用有机肥猪粪对土体NO-3-N淋失有一定固持作用，阻碍了NO-3-N向下迁移。并指出应重视纯化肥尿素处理土壤NO-3-N移出下层土体（30～80cm）污染地下水体的危险性。

     

    Abstract: The temporal-spatial variations of the contents of Soil NH4+-N and NO-3-N in purple soil under different fertilization systems in summer corn seasen were analyzed.The results show that there are significantly negative correlation between the quantities of soil ammonia and nitrate; the content of soil ammonia changes in wavelike shape with the time. At the ripe period, soil ammonia behaves like ‘K’ in the profile.However,the distribution of soil nitrate is quite irregular in time and space. Rainfall and the distribution of plant roots are important factors of the movement of soil nitrate. Rainfall has a significant effect on nitrate leaching.The quantity of soil nitrate is changed by fertilization,and possibility of leaching increases. The leaching trend behaves like pure chemical fertilizer＞pure pig manure＞pig manure and chemical fertilizer＞CK.The distribution of plant roots correlates with the absorption and utilization of soil nitrate.The growth of plant roots is promoted by organic fertilizer,promoting the absorption of nutrition by roots in the deep soil layer.Under the application of organic fertilizer,nitrate is retained to move downward slowly.It is pointed out that we should pay attention to the risk that soil nitrate moves from 30～80 centimeter of soil layer and pollutes the under ground water.

     

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