黄淮海平原旱田氮素损失特征及其环境影响研究
Characteristics of N loss and its environmental effects in the dryland of Huang-Huai-Hai plain
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摘要: 利用N素平衡参数和统计数据计算黄淮海平原地区主要农作系统冬小麦田和夏玉米田N素损失特征及其环境影响研究结果表明，1992～1998年随N肥用量的增加，每公顷农田N肥总损失量及氨挥发、硝化-反硝化、淋洗与径流等损失量呈逐年递增趋势，且不同N肥利用率、土壤残留率和损失率不同，同一N肥在不同农作系统中利用率、土壤残留率及损失率亦不同，夏玉米田N肥损失率高于冬小麦田。并探讨了N肥损失的环境影响及主要技术对策。Abstract: Based on the N balance parameters and statistical data,the characteristics of N loss and its environmental effects for the dominant crops of winter wheat and summer maize in Huang-Huai-Hai plain were studied.The results indicated that with the increase of N fertilizer application from 1992 to 1998,the total N loss, ammonia volatilization loss, nitrificattion-denitrification loss, leaching and runoff per unit area were gradually increased. The residual rate,loss rate and utilization efficiency were different for N fertilizers and crops;the loss of N fertilizers was much higher in the field of summer maize than that in the field of winter wheat. At last, the environmental effect of N loss and possible countermeasures were discussed.
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Keywords:
- Winter wheat /
- Summer maize /
- N fertilizer /
- Loss characteristic /
- Environmental effect
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