Abstract: The biodegradation process and mechanism of halogen hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticide and petroleum hydrocarbons are stated. Then it is pointed out that for the future the main developing directions in the research field of organic pollutant biodegradation during the process of composition are the isolation and cultivation of high effective degradating microorganism, the exploitation of genetic engineering microorganism, the strengthening of the function of superficial active reagents on the biodegradation, the suitable composting condition for organic pollutants and the analysis of the substances produced by biodegradation of organic pollutants.