不同孵化温度对雏番鸭第二性比及孵化率的影响研究

Effects of different incubation temperatures on the secondary sex ratio and hatchability of muscovy

  • 摘要: 试验研究孵化前期(1~10d)7个不同温度(36.3~39.3℃)对雏鸭出壳时第二性比(♂:♀)和受精蛋孵化率的影响结果表明,不同孵化温度出壳的雏番鸭公母性别存在明显差异(P<0.01),且公雏率随温度升高而升高,母雏率随温度升高而下降;孵化前期温度为36.3~37.3℃时出壳雏番鸭公少于母,第二性比介于0.24~0.95;而孵化前期温度为37.8~39.3℃时出壳雏番鸭公多于母,第二性比为1.39~5.38;且只有在温度37.3℃和37.8℃时第二性比与遗传性比(1:1)无差异(P>0.05),而其他温度时第二性比均表现明显差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。雏番鸭第二性比与孵化前期温度间相关指数R2为0.99,预测误差率为-34.88%~+14.58%间,说明调控孵化温度可在一定程度上控制雏番鸭第二性比,孵化温度对受精蛋孵化率有明显影响,36.3~37.8℃内孵化率随温度的升高而升高,在37.8~39.3℃内则随温度的升高而降低。

     

    Abstract: The effects of different temperatures(36.3~39.3℃)on the secondary sex ratio and hatchability of muscovy were studied at the early stage of incubation.The results show that the difference of the sexual proportions of ducklings is significant(P<0.01).The male proportion is increased while the female proportion is decreased with the increasing of temperature.When the incubation temperatures are from 36.3℃ to 37.3℃,the female proportion is the greatest and the rate ofmales to females is from 0.24 to 0.95,and if the temperatures is controlled between 37.8℃ and 39.3℃,the male proportion is much more than that of the female and the secondary sex ratio is from 1.39 to 5.38.The difference of the ratio of secondary sex to genetic sex does not exist(1:1,P>0.05)only when eggs are incubated at 37.3℃ and 37.8℃,but the differences exist at other temperatures(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The correlation index between the secondary sex ratio and incubation temperatures of duckling is 0.99,and the range of predicted errors is from -34.88% to +14.58%.In some degree,regulating incubation temperature can control the secondary sex ratio of ducklings.Meanwhile,the incubation temperature obviously affects the hatchability of fertilized eggs.Within the range from 36.3℃ to 37.8℃,the hatchability is promoted as the temperature goes up,but from 37.8℃ to 39.3℃ it decreases.