4种经济鲍遗传多样性与分化的研究
Genetic diversity and differentiation in four kinds of economic abalone
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摘要: 应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究盘鲍（Haliotis discus discus）、皱纹盘鲍（H.discus hannai）、九孔鲍（H.diversicolor supertexta）养殖群体和杂色鲍（H.diversicolor diversicolor）自然群体遗传多样性与分化结果表明，4种经济鲍的遗传多样性较低，盘鲍群体平均每位点等位基因数目、多态位点百分数（P0.99%）、观察杂合度和期望杂合度分别为1.2、16.67、0.109和0.061，皱纹盘鲍群体分别为1.10、11.11、0.093和0.056，杂色鲍群体分别为1.44、33.33、0.106和0.118，九孔鲍群体分别为1.50、33.33、0.135和0.128。盘鲍在Mdh-1位点上符合H-W平衡标准（P>0.05），而在位点Est-3（F=-0.753）和Sod-1-1（F=-1.000）上表现出杂合子过量；皱纹盘鲍在位点Est-3符合H-W平衡标准（P>0.05），而在位点Est-3（F=-0.371）和Sod-1（F=-1.000）上表现出杂合子过量；杂色鲍在位点Est-3、Mdh-1和Amy-1上符合H-W平衡标准（P>0.05），而在位点Aat-1（F=-0.486）和Mdh-1（F=-0.210）上表现出杂合子过量，在位点Est-2（F=0.597）、Amy-1（F=0.330）和Me-1（F=1.000）上表现出杂合子缺失，九孔鲍在位点Est-3、Sdh-2、Amy-1和Mdh-1上符合H-W平衡标准（P>0.05），而在位点Aat-1（F=-0.477）和Amy-1（F=-0.149）上表现出杂合子过量，在位点Est-2（F=0.540）上表现出杂合子缺失。盘鲍和皱纹盘鲍的遗传距离为0.055，九孔鲍和杂色鲍的遗传距离为0.016。Abstract: Genetic diversity and differentiation in 4 kinds of economic abalones were investigated using the assay of vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Low level of genetic diversity in 4 kinds of economic abalones was found：Mean number of alleles per locus，percentage of polymorphic loci，observed heterozygosities and expected heterozygosities were 1.2，16.67，0.109 and 0.061 in Haliotis discus discusr espectively；1.10，11.11，0.093 and 0.056 in H.discus hannairespectively；1.44，33.33，0.106 and 0.118 in H.diversicolor diversicolor respectively；1.50，33.33，0.135 and 0.128 in H.diversicolor supertexta respectively.The genetypic distribution at Mdh-1 was found to be agreement with that expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P>0.05），and there were heterozygote excess in Est-3（F=-0.753）and Sod-1（F=-1.000）in H.discus discus.The genetypic distribution at Est-3 was found to be agreement with that expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P>0.05），there were heterozygote excess in Est-3（F=-0.371）and Sod-1（F=-1.000）in H.discus hannai.The genetypic distribution at Est-3，Mdh-1 and Amy-1 was found to be agreement with that expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P>0.05），there were heterozygote deficiency in Est-2（F=0.597），Amy-1（F=0.330）and Me-1（F=1.000），and heterozygote excess in Aat-1（F=-0.486）and Mdh-1（F-0.210）in H.diversicolor diversicolor.The genetypic distribution at Est-3，Sdh-2，Amy-1 and Mdh-1 was found to be agreement with that expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P=0.05），there were heterozygote deficiency in Est-2（F=0.540），and heterozygote excess in Aat-1（F=-0.477）and Amy-1（F=-0.149）in H.diversicolor supertexta.The results showed that genetic distance was 0.0550 between H.discus discus and H.discus hannai；and that was 0.016 between H.diversicolor diversicolor and H.diversicolor supertexta.
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