稻田种植春玉米经济效益及高效耦合技术研究

The economic benefit of planting spring-corn in rice field and its efficient technique for system coupling

  • 摘要: 长期定位试验研究结果表明,与常规麦一稻二熟制相比稻田种植春玉米的麦/玉米一稻三熟制年产量为1.4254万kg/hm2,增产率17.69%;有机投能、无机投能和总投能分别高3.54%、8.37%和7.90%,生物量和籽粒能量产出分别高16.99% 和15.12%,能量产投比较高;N、P2O 和K20 等养分盈亏率增大,土壤有机质盈余较多,盈亏率为81.18%;新增纯收益率22.42%,边际成本报酬率3.33。稻田种植春玉米高效耦合技术包括部分放开冬春茬,稻田冬春季改小麦为菜果经济作物;春玉米采用两段覆膜种植技术,其产量>8250kg/hm2 的综合措施为种植密度7920~8990株/hm2,施N量288.6~352.4kg/hm2,玉米11~12叶展开时以304.6~498.0mg/kg浓度乙烯利化学控制叶面喷施;后季稻实施塑盘旱育秧大苗抛裁技术,其产量>7500kg/hm2的综合措施为在培育>35d秧龄壮秧基础上,基本苗225~240万株/hm2,施N量225~255kg/hm2

     

    Abstract: According to the results of long-located experiments from 1990 to 2000,the comparison between wheat-corn-rice pattern of planting spring-corn in rice field and the conventional wheat-rice pattern was studied.The yield of the wheat-corn-rice pattern is 14254kg/hm2,increasing by 17.69%;the organic energy,the inorganic energy,and the total energy increase by 3.54%,8.37% and 7.90% ,respectively,the energy output ofgrain and biomass increase by 16.99% and 15.12% ,and it has the higher energy output:input value;the surplus rates of N ,P2O5,and K2O increase,in the soil organic matter balance many surpluses exists,and the surplus rate is 81.18%;the increa sed net profit ratio is 22.42% and the marginal benefit-cost ratio is 3.33.Efficient techniques for system coupling of planting spring-corn in rice field include that the winter and spring can be freed,and the wheat can be changed to the economic crops;spring-corn adopts the cuhivation techniques of plastic film covered at two stages,the agronomic measures for spring corn with yield more than 8250kg/hm2 are 7920~8990 plant/hm2 in planting density.with the 288.6~352.4kg/hm2 N fertilizer application and by the treatment of 304.6~498.0 mg/kg Eth at the 11~12 leaf age of the plants;late double-cropped rice adopts the cultivationtechniques of dry-raising seedlings in plastic tray and cast-transplanting,the agronomic measures for the rice with yield more than 7500 kg/hm2 are planting strong and long seedlings aging more than 35d(2.25~2.4 million plant/hm2 of basic seeding with the 225~255kg/hm2 N fertilizer application).

     

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