Abstract: The field trials were conducted to study the effects of different methods of applying fertilizers on the living beings in soil in central Tibet．The results show that the organic fertilizer，especially organ-mineral fertilizer has a crucial effect on the living beings in soil．The soil bacterium increases significantly by the increase of the organic matter content under the acid soil conditions(pH5．91～6．02)．At the same time soil bacterium has numerical overwhelming superiority among microorganisms and it has an exceptional significance in N and P nutritions．The soil organic matter，available N and P．increase with the increase 0f the soil fungi，to ．But the soll actinomyces descend with the increase of the soll organic matter，available N and available P．