荒坡地新建果园作物问种模式生态结构及功能研究

The ecological structure and function of the newly built orchard intercropping patterns in the uncultivated sloping field

  • 摘要: 通过分析荒坡地新建果园5种优化模式的生态结构和功能表明,随重复种植的增加,5种间种模式土壤的有机质年均增加5%~20%,全N年增加7%~40%,全P年增加8%~70%,全K年增加15%~80%;顺坡垦植的土地水土流失严重,土壤侵蚀和地表径流第1年平均达1415.2t/km2 和790.7m3/hm2,花生-秋大豆水土保持最好,其次为春大豆-秋大豆、西红柿-白菜和辣椒-西红柿,其土壤平均侵蚀量和地表径流量与对照相比分别降低44.19%、38.24%、39.52% 、37.56% 和22.40% 、9.28% 、24.11% 、21.16% 。5种模式中辣椒-西红柿生物量最高,年均达10.028万kg/hm2,其次是花生-秋大豆,年均达7.703万kg/hm2,西红柿-白菜的生产力最高,达1.539万kg/hm2,其次是辣椒-西红柿,达1.380万kg/hm2;辣椒-西红柿投能效率最高,年均达2.96,其次为花生-秋大豆、西红柿-白菜、春大豆-秋大豆和旱稻-红萝卜,分别为2.08、2.01、2.00和0.96,与对照相比辣椒-西红柿产出能最高,其次为花生-秋大豆、春大豆-秋大豆、西红柿-白菜和旱稻-红萝 ,分别提高614.77%、433.01%、390.39%、316.07%和133.24%。

     

    Abstract: Ecological structure and function of 5 optimized models in newly built orchard in uncultivated slopping field are analyzed.The results show that organic matter increases by 5%~20%,total N increases by 7%~ 40%.total P increases by 8%~ 70%and total K increases by 15% ~ 80% every year.Good patterns in water and soil retaining are peanut-au-tumn soybean,spring so ybean-autumn soybean, tomato-chinese cabbage, and cayenne-tomato,the soil average erosion module and runoff amount decrease respectively by 44.19%,38.24%,39.52%,37.56%and 22.40%,9.28%,24.11%,and 21.60% compared with CK.Cayenne-tomato is the highest in biomass,the average yearly is 100280kg/hm2.the second is peanut-autumn soybean,the average yearly is 77030 kg/hm2.Tomato-chinese cabbage is the highest in prod uctivity,the average yearly is 15390 kg/hm2,the second is cayenne-tomato,the average yearly is 13800 kg/hm2.Efficiency of energy introjection in order is cayenne-tomato,peanut-autumn soybean,tomato-chinese cabbage,spring soy-bean-autumn soybean,drought rice-red turnip.The averages of their total energy output/input ratios yearly are 2.96,2.08,2.01,2.O0,and 0.96.

     

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