Abstract: The reasons of low use efficiency of fertilizer and serious pollution are the imbalance between fertilizer releasing nutrient and crop requirement．Control of fertilizer release can adjust the intensity and capacity of nutrient supply according to the crop nutrient characteristics and keep the balance between fertilizer release and crop requirement，thus increasing the use efficiency of fertilizer and reducing the environment pollution．The background，status，goals，and prospect of studying the control of fertilizers release in many countries are stated in this paper．