高产麦田系统氮肥综合效应研究

Integrated effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer in high-yielding wheat field system

  • 摘要: 研究了山东省桓台县高产麦田系统中N肥对土壤硝态氮(NO-3-N)积累及冬小麦产量和吸N量的影响。结果表明,冬小麦收获后施用150kg/hm2N肥的0~90cm土层土壤NO-3-N与小麦播种前相比,基本保持平衡;而常规施用300kg/hm2N肥则使0~90cm土层土壤NO-3-N含量显著提高,特别是60~90cm土层土壤NO-3-N含量上升了39.9kg/hm2, 对浅层地下水造成潜在污染。建议供试条件下的合理施N肥量为150kg/hm2,这样既兼顾产量,又兼顾生态效益。

     

    Abstract: This study deals with the integrated effects of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrate nitrogen accumulation in soil profile, yield and absorbed nitrogen of winter wheat in Huantai high-yielding wheat field system,Shandong Province.The results shown that under the condition of 150kg/hm2 of nitrogen fetilizer,nitrate nitrogen amount in 0~90cm soil layer after cutting wheat in June changed a little,as compared with that prior to sowing wheat.It was also shown that the nitrate nitrogen amount in 0~90cm layer with routine rate of nitrogen fertilizer 300kg/hm2 increased markedly,especially that in 60~90cm soil layer was raised from 10.3kg/hm2 to 50.2kg/hm2,which might result in the pollution of shallow ground water.Under the condition of field experiment,150kg/hm2 was recommended to be the rational nitrogen application rate,which could integrated yield and ecological profits.

     

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