关中灌区夏季休闲效果评价

Effects of summer fallow in Guanzhong irrigation area

    摘要
  • 摘要: 试验研究夏季休闲对陕西省关中地区中等肥力的红油土壤蓄水、硝态氮(NO-3-N)累积及其对后季作物的影响。结果表明，休闲蓄水作用主要取决于降水量，降水少，休闲效果突出。与蓄水效果不同，休闲显著增加土壤剖面中NO-3-N的累积量，其在土壤剖面中的分布与降水量相关，降水少的1993年有96.8%的NO-3-N累积在0～80cm土层，3.2%的NO-3-N累积在80～120cm土层；而降水多的1992年有57.1%的NO-3-N累积在0～80cm土层，42.9% 的NO-3-N累积在80～120cm土层。休闲后作物产量和吸N量显著高于连作作物。从全轮作周期看，未经休闲连作，3季的作物总籽粒和干物质与休闲后2季差异不显著，休闲反而会增加NO-3-N淋失和反硝化。

     

    Abstract: Field trials were carried out to study the effects of summer fallow on water storage and NO-3-N accumulation in soil profile and the following crops.The results showed that the storage effect of water in the period of summer fallow was related to the precipitation.The NO-3-N accumulated in the soil profile increased significantly during the period of summer fallow,and the distribution of accumulative NO-3-N changed with the amount of precipitation during fallow period: 96.8% of NO-3-N was accumulated in the 0～80cm soil layer and 8.2 percentage in the 80～120cm slil layer in 1993 with lower precipitation,but 57.1 in the 0～80cm soil layer and 42.9 in the 80～120cm soil layer in 1992 with higher precipitation.After fallow,the crop yield and N uptake were significantly higher than that of the crop in succession.In the total cycle of crop rotation,the total grain and above-ground yields of three crops without fallow were almost the same as that of two crops after fallow.

     

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