Abstract: The properties of allelopathy and sustainable agriculture were discussed.The types of allelochemicals and their action mechanisms in agricultural ecosystem were summarized.The relationship between allelopathy and sustainable agriculture was analyzed.The impact of allelopathy on nutrient resource management and other agronomy methods was also discussed.The methods and the paths to develop sustainable agriculture were put forward by optimizing farming measure and rationally utilizing allelopathy between plants.The research emphasis of allelopathy was pointed out.