Abstract: The model using system environment identification can be used to analyze the environment of agricultural industrial system in Heilongjiang Province.Firstly,the system environment is classified into natural factors and social economic factors.Secondly,each factor is analyzed in five aspects,i.e.the importance,development benefit,potentiality,utilization situation and development problem of agricultural industrial system.Ten superiority factors such as farmland,production materials,science-technology,etc.,seven limited factors such as climate,animal husbandry,specialists of working in rural areas,etc.,and ten potential factors such as potential land resources,crop's variety,water resources,etc. are obtained.To develop the rural economy of Heilongjiang Province, using superiority factors,excavating potential factors and improving limited factors are suggested.