Abstract: Based on the situation of the eco-agricultural development in China,the conception and the connotation of the ecolgical agriculture,the emerging background and the process of the sustainable agriculture as well as its relationships with ecological engineering and ecological agriculture were discussed in this paper.The conception and the characteristics of the ecological agriculture in China are that the eco-agriculture is a modern agricultural system of rational ecology and good functional circles built with the combination of the achievements in modern sciences and technologies and the essence of the tranditional agriculture by the principle of ecology and systematic sciences.The authors pointed out that the ecoagriculture possesses an important role in the agricultural development in China.