冬小麦高产群体源-库-流特征及指标研究

Analysis of source-sink-translocation characteristics and indicators for high-yield colony of winter wheat

  • 摘要: 2005~2007年调查分析了山东省龙口和莱州两市的15块高产小麦田群体源-库-流特征。结果表明, “稳叶控株增穗”途径下的超高产麦田群体具有非叶面积比例高, 总光合面积大, 单位面积总粒数多, 群体穗颈维管束总数多等特点, 在增源、扩库、畅流方面都具有明显优势。在此基础上, 提出了实现9 000 kg·hm-2麦田的源-库-流各项指标: 开花期总光合面积在10~13 m2·m-2之间, 非叶面积与叶面积的比例在1.3~1.7左 右; 成熟时地上部生物产量在19 500 kg·hm-2左右, 经济系数在0.45以上; 开花期群体维管束总数在 22× 103~30×103束·h-2之间, 日输导量在230 kg·hm-2左右, 平均束通量在1 mg·d-1左右。3年间小麦高产田源-流-库平衡的综合分析表明, 控株增穗途径在增加小麦光合源方面更具优势。

     

    Abstract: Investigation and analysis of source-sink-translocation characteristics of winter wheat were conducted for 2005~2007 in 15 high-yield fields of Longkou and Laizhou Cities, Shandong Province. The high-yield winter wheat colony under Stabilizing LAI-Controlling Plant Type-Increasing Ear Number (CPCE) management exhibits higher non-leaf area proportion, total photosynthetic area, number of grain and vascular bundle. It has the advantages of increased source, expended sink and smooth translocation. In order to produce 9 000 kg·hm-2 gain yield of winter wheat, it is necessary to maintain total photosynthetic area at 10~13 m2·m-2 and non-leaf/leaf area ratio at 1.3~1.7 during flowering stage; and aboveground wheat dry-matter at 19 500 kg·hm-2, economic coefficient higher than 0.45, total colony bundle number at 22×103~30×103·hm-2, daily conducting amount at 230 kg·hm-2 and conducting amount per bundle at 1 mg·d-1 during mature stage. The comprehensive analysis of the balance between source and sink of high-yield wheat fields shows that CPCE benefits increasing photosynthetic source of wheat.

     

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