北京市平原区农田景观及其要素的质量评价研究
Agricultural landscape and its elements assessment in plain areas of Beijing City
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摘要: 农田景观中的防护林、道路和沟渠是土地整治等农田工程项目的重要对象, 对于这些要素的评价有利于提高对农田景观要素功能、质量及相互关系的理解。本研究以农田景观要素为评价对象, 借鉴层次分析法建立了北京市平原区农田景观评价体系, 通过半定量模糊评价法结合实地调研, 以北京市平原区的通州、顺义、大兴3区作为案例进行评价研究。结果表明: 1)北京市平原区农业景观整体与各要素都处于一般、中等水平, 3个调研区之间没有显著差异; 2)对4个农田景观要素的评价结果则存在显著差异, 道路和沟渠的评分高于中等水平, 而防护林和大田低于中等水平; 3)4个要素之间的相关系数分析显示, 与沟渠相比, 防护林和道路对大田整体质量的提升具有更为重要的作用。实地调研显示由于在已有的土地整治工程建设中缺乏对景观生态功能的考虑, 北京市平原区农田景观要素存在农田防护林和绿化植被多样性低、大田开阔性不高、道路硬化过度、沟渠污染严重的问题, 需在今后的农田工程项目中予以更多重视。Abstract: Agricultural landscapes along with shelterbelts, roads and ditches have been vital targets for land consolidation and rural engineering projects. Assessment of these factors has been useful in understanding the functions, quality and interrelations within agricultural landscapes. This study focused on the key factors of agricultural landscape. It used the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Semi-Quantitative Fuzzy Evaluation Method as well as field surveys to assess agricultural landscapes in the plain areas of three districts of Beijing - Tongzhou, Shunyi and Daxing. The results showed that: 1) The quality of agricultural landscapes in the plain areas of Beijing were medium level with no significant differences among the three districts. 2) Significant differences existed among the four agricultural landscape elements with high scores for roads and ditches, medium scores for farmlands and low scores for shelterbelts. 3) Based on correlation coefficient analysis, shelterbelts and roads were more important than ditches in terms of overall farmland quality. Field survey showed that because of lack of consideration for ecological and landscape functions of agricultural landscape in current land consolidation systems and similar rural projects, there were low plant diversity in shelterbelts and green vegetation, low openness of farmlands, over hardened roads, and water pollution in ditches. These constituted the main problems of agricultural landscape in the plain area of Beijing, which required more attention in future on rural and agricultural engineering projects.