Abstract: Although China had great harvest in recent nine years, food importation and scale of grain transfer from the north to the south increased and food security in fragile balance. Due to the huge importation of soybean coupled with high over-consumption of oil and protein food in China, this study suggested a synergy strategy for food industry and food consumption structure. In accordance with the trend of development of China's grain production and grain supply capacity, attention should be paid to agricultural produce export, setting up overseas food production and supply bases, maintaining foothold and speeding up exploitation of reserve and cultivated lands and cut down China's protein food production. With specific reference to the imbalance in water resources distribution between the south and north, frequent droughts and flood disasters in recent years, we suggested that China's food security should be constructed on the basis of water resources security. Based on existing problems and development potential of China's major grain production areas like the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the North China Plain, the Northeast Plain and the Northwest Region, we suggested taking synergy strategies for water and food security in China. We emphasized that water security should be the basis for food security. Under the decreasing agricultural acreage condition, China total grain output mainly depended on per-unit-area grain yield. If only water conservation, increased water resource use efficiency, south-to-north water diversion, the synergy of north-to-south grain transfer, and exploration of western region grain bank were strengthened, the full grain yield potential of China could be realized in the near future.