金龟甲蓖麻源引诱剂的配方筛选及田间效果评价

Prescription screening and field evaluation of broad spectrum attractants of scarab beetles from Ricinus communis

  • 摘要: 为了筛选植物源引诱剂用于多种金龟甲的生态治理, 以华北大黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia oblita)、暗黑鳃金龟(H. parallela)和铜绿丽金龟(Anomala corpulenta)为研究对象, 选取蓖麻叶释放的5种主要挥发物设计了10组金龟甲引诱剂的二元配方, 采用触角电位技术并结合田间诱捕, 评价了不同引诱剂配方的电生理活性和引诱效果。触角电位测定结果表明, 活性配方一般含有绿叶气味物质顺-3-己烯-1-醇。其中配方1(顺-3-己烯-1-醇+邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)和配方6(顺-3-己烯-1-醇+苯甲醇)对3种靶标金龟甲的雌雄虫均表现出较强的触角电位活性, 配方7(顺-3-己烯-1-醇+2-苯乙醇)对华北大黑鳃金龟雌雄两性也表现出较强的触角电位活性, 配方8(肉桂醛+苯甲醇)对铜绿丽金龟雄虫有较强的触角电位活性。在金龟甲成虫发生高峰期, 对上述10个配方进行初步筛选, 发现配方6、配方8和配方1的综合表现最好, 单个诱捕器30 d的累计诱虫量分别达110.30头、101.73头和74.97头。这些配方不仅能够大量诱捕上述3种靶标金龟甲, 而且对黄褐丽金龟(A. exoleta)也有一定的诱捕效果。进一步对上述引诱活性较强的3种配方分别在洛阳和开封两地进行较大规模的诱捕试验, 结果表明配方6和配方1的诱虫效果最好; 其中在洛阳诱捕到的暗黑鳃金龟最多, 还可诱捕到少量铜绿丽金龟和中华弧丽金龟(Popillia quadriguttata); 在开封诱捕到的黑绒鳃金龟(Maladera orientalis)最多, 还可诱捕到少量的暗黑鳃金龟和中华弧丽金龟, 可能是不同地区金龟甲优势种类的差异所致。因此, 配方6和配方1是对金龟甲具有广谱诱集效果的备选生态防控引诱剂。

     

    Abstract: To screen plant-derived attractants for ecological management of three scarab beetles (Holotrichia oblita, H. parallela and Anomala corpulenta), 10 binary blends (labeled as 1, 2, …, 10, see below) with 5 main volatiles from the leaves of Ricinus communis were selected. Then the electrophysiological activity and attractiveness of the selected R. communis volatiles blends were evaluated by electroantennogram (EAG) and field trapping experiments. The EAG bioassay showed that blends containing green leaf volatile of cis-3-hexen-1-ol usually exhibited strong EAG activities. Blend 1 (cis-3-hexen-1-ol plus dibutyl phthalate) and blend 6 (cis-3-hexen-1-ol plus benzyl alcohol) showed stronger EAG response to both sexes of the three scarab beetle species. Blend 7 (cis-3-hexen-1-ol plus 2-phenylethanol) exhibited a fairly strong EAG activity toward H. oblita sexes. Also blend 8 (cinnamaldehyde plus benzyl alcohol) effectively stimulated response to male A. corpulenta antennae. The preliminary trapping experiment indicated that among the ten candidate binary blends, blends 6, 8 and 1 performed the best regarding the target species at occurrence peak with respectively 110.30, 101.73 and 74.97 catches per trap in 30 days. Most interestingly, the blends also attracted a certain number of A. exoleta. Further mass-trapping experiments conducted in Luoyang and Kaifeng regions were used to compare the attractiveness of the mentioned 3 blends. The results showed that blends 6 and 1 caught significantly more scarab beetles than blend 8. A significantly great number of H. parallela and a few A. corpulenta and Popillia quadriguttata were among the species caught in the trapping experiment conducted in Luoyang. In the Kaifeng trapping experiment, Maladera orientalis was the most abundant species caught, followed by H. parallela and P. quadriguttata. The different natural distributions of the scarab species in different regions possibly explained the differences in trapped species. Altogether, blends 6 and 1 were possibly the two promising ecological control attractants that were generically targeted to several scarab beetle species in the region.

     

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