Abstract: The effects of different cultivation management modes on dry matter accumulation, distribution, nitrogen (N) uptake, N use efficiency (NUE) and yield of winter wheat in Henan Province were investigated in a field experiment in Wenxian County in 2009-2011. The experiments aimed to provide theoretical basis for cultivation management mode of winter wheat in the Wenxian region of Henan Province. The four different cultivation management modes used were conventional management (T1, conventional management mode in the region), optimized management mode 1(T2), high-yield management (T3), optimized management mode one the base of T3 (T4). Compared with T1, T2 with fertilizer applications at basal and jointing stages enhanced time and rate of rapid dry matter accumulation, grain dry matter accumulation, stem and leaf N transport to grain and per-ear grain and kernel weight. This resulted in higher output and efficiency. Also compared with T3, T4 reduced fertilizer dose, increased grain weight by improving N translocation amount and contribution rate to grain of leaves after anthesis and maintained grain yield while improving nutrient efficiency. Compared with treatments T1 and T2, T3 and T4 improved rapid dry matter accumulation and N translocation from stem and leaf storage to grain after anthesis. Based on the results, T2 was worthy cultivation mode under the present production management conditions. Treatment T4 was both the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation management mode under high-yield conditions.