渭北旱塬红富士苹果不同时期叶片营养诊断

Foliar nutrition diagnose of red Fuji apple during different periodsin the Weibei Dry Highland of Shaanxi Province

  • 摘要: 为推动渭北旱塬苹果合理施肥, 通过测定红富士苹果不同时期叶片养分含量, 并运用Beaufils、Jones和Elwali & Gascho提出的3种DRIS指数计算法对红富士苹果营养状况进行诊断。结果表明, 从6月到8月红富士苹果叶片各养分元素含量变化存在差异, 高产果树(单株产量>25 kg)叶片N含量呈先降低后升高趋势, P含量逐渐降低; 低产果树(单株产量≤25 kg)叶片N含量一直降低, P含量变化则与高产叶片N相同。其他元素在两种果树中的变化趋势一致, K和Zn含量降低, Ca和Mg含量升高, Cu、Fe和Mn呈先升高后降低趋势。不同时期根据DRIS标准程序确定的重要诊断参数不同; 与Elwali & Gascho 提出的DRIS诊断指数计算法相比, 采用Beaufils和Jones的方法得出的各元素诊断指数不但与其含量相关性高, 且需肥顺序差异不大, Beaufils方法得出高产果树6月到8月最缺乏的元素为K、Fe、Ca+Mg, Jones方法为K、Ca、Ca+Mg, 低产果树均为K、Fe、N。综上, 本研究建议针对不同时期进行红富士苹果叶片营养状况评价。

     

    Abstract: Shaanxi Province is the largest apple production region in China. Realizing high-yield and high-quality of apple production plays an important role in ensuring the farmers income. However, there exist some problems in apple production such as excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer and unreasonable use of microelements fertilizer. In order to promote rational fertilization of apple production in Weibei Dry Highland, the mineral nutrient content in red Fuji apple leaves during different growth stages were determined. Apple tree leaves were sampled at June, July and August respectively in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, and contents of mineral nutrients were analyzed. Then DRISes proposed by Beaufils, Jones and Elwali & Gascho was used to diagnose nutrient status and requirements of red Fuji apple tree. Results showed that nutrients contents in apple leaves varied from June to August. During this period, high yield trees (yield > 25 kg per tree), N content decreased in July and then increased slightly in August, while P content decreased all the time. For low yield trees (yield ≤ 25 kg per tree), N content decreased all the time, the change of P just followed the tendency of N in high yield trees. Other nutrients showed the same trend in both kinds of trees: K and Zn decreased; Ca and Mg increased; Cu, Fe and Mn increased in July and then decreased in August. The diagnosis parameters determined by DRIS standard program were different during different periods. Compared with the diagnosis indices calculated with method of Elwali & Gascho, those with methods of Beaufils and Jones were significantly correlated with nutrient content, and the corresponding order of nutrient requirement was similar. From June to August, the elements needed mostly were K, Fe, Ca+Mg by Beaufils and K, Ca, Ca+Mg by Jones for high yield trees, and K, Fe, N for low yield trees. The results suggested that leaf nutrient diagnose should be conducted during different growth periods of red Fuji apple.

     

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