冬小麦新品种"科农199"高产稳产特征分析

赵慧; 张玮; 王静; 纪军; 王志国; 李俊明

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1011.2011.01220

冬小麦新品种"科农199"高产稳产特征分析

赵慧¹,
张玮²,
王静³,
纪军²,
王志国³,
李俊明^2,

1.
中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心石家庄 050022;河北科技大学生物科学与工程学院石家庄 050018
2.
中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心石家庄 050022;植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室北京 100101
3.
中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心石家庄 050022

基金项目: 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KSCX3-EW-N-02)和国家小麦产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-05B)资助

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2011-05-14
- 修回日期: 2011-06-12
- 刊出日期: 2011-08-31

Analysis of high and stable yield characteristics of "Kn199" winter wheat cultivar

1.
Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China;College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 05
2.
Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China;State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Beijing 100101, China
3.
Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China

摘要

摘要: "科农199"是利用染色体工程技术培育的高产稳产小麦新品种, 其抗寒、耐旱、抗干热风, 根系发达,生育中后期能够高效吸收深层土壤的水分养分。本文研究了氮肥、磷肥、水分运筹等对"科农199"产量潜力的影响, 为"科农199"的栽培推广提供参考。试验从2008 年开始, 在冬小麦各主要生育期收集数据、取样并进行相关处理; 在收获后进行室内考种, 考查千粒重、穗粒数、单株穗数、产量等重要性状指标。通过田间试验发现, "科农199"小麦无论低氮或高氮供给条件下都比其他品种积累更多的干物质并向籽粒中分配, 从而形成较高的经济产量; 大田节肥试验中施纯氮120 kg·hm^-2 时单产6 532.5 kg·hm^-2, 氮肥偏生产力达54.4 kg·kg^-1; 施纯氮180 kg·hm^-2 时单产7 312.5 kg·hm^-2, 氮肥偏生产力达40.6 kg·kg^-1。在低磷定位试验中, "科农199"表现出分蘖力强、成穗率高、收获群体大的特点。在冬前底墒水充足的条件下, 春季灌水1~2 次可满足亩产千斤的水分需求。现阶段冻害干旱等极端气候高发频发, 推广"科农199"这类抗逆稳产品种, 可提高我国小麦生产可持续性, 有助于保障粮食安全。
- 科农199 /
- 冬小麦 /
- 氮肥利用效率 /
- 磷肥利用效率 /
- 产量潜力
Abstract: "Kn199" winter wheat cultivar is 1RS/1BL translocation line and derivative of octoploid synthetic Triticum aestivum and Elytrigia elongata species. It has excellent frost hardiness, winter survival, drought tolerance, hot/dry wind resistance, onsite adaptability and yield stability. Its robust root system facilitates high water absorption and nutrient uptake at the depth of soils especially under drought stress conditions. In this study, nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency (NUE, PUE) of "Kn199" under reduced and optimum nutrient supplies were investigated in relation to yield potential under limited irrigation conditions. A field experiment was set up in 2008 where wheat yield traits such as pre-winter tiller number, post greening plant number, filling spike number were investigated. Wheat plant tissues were also taken at different growth stages and the 1000-grain weight, per spike grain, per plant spike, yield index and sterile spikelet measured after harvest. The results showed that "Kn199" accumulated more dry matter with a greater distribution in kernels than the other genotypes under both low [120 kg(N)·hm^-2] and normal [180 kg(N)·hm^-2] nitrogen inputs. Partial factor productivity of applied N (PFP_N) in the nitrogen-saving trial was 54.4 kg·kg^-1 for "Kn199", yielding 6 532.5 kg·hm^-2 under 120 kg·hm^-2 N supply. It was 40.6 kg·kg^-1, yielding 7 312.5 kg·hm^-2 under 180 kg·hm^-2 N supply. Under lower phosphorous input of 60 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2 in long-term nurseries, "Kn199" exhibited the most desirable PUE attributes such as high tillering capacity, spike formation and harvest population. With sufficient soil water prior to winter, one or two times of irrigation in spring was enough for "Kn199" to yield 7 500 kg·hm^-2 in North Huang-Huai winter wheat cultivation region. Under the adverse and severe climatic conditions such as extreme frosts, droughts and hot winds, "Kn199" cultivation benefits stable grain yield and food security in the region.
- Kn199 /
- Winter wheat /
- Nitrogen use efficiency /
- Phosphorous use efficiency /
- Yield potential

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参考文献(18)

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冬小麦新品种"科农199"高产稳产特征分析

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出版历程

Analysis of high and stable yield characteristics of "Kn199" winter wheat cultivar

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出版历程

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