Abstract: Global warming had provided both opportunities and challenges for further grain increase in Northeast China. Climate warming in particularly Northeast China had resulted in the extension of frost-free period, which had increased the productive potential and extended planting area of crops in the region. With climate warming and rapid development in modern agriculture, Northeast China had become a region with the most potential for additional increase in grain production. However, high frequencies of extreme climate (e.g., cold, flood, especially drought) associated with global warming have also threatened further grain increases in Northwest China. To efficiently resolve the problems of grain allocation, transportation, processing and transformation, and to enhance farmers’ income, a number of grain security development strategies in Northeast China were advanced in this paper. The strategies included stable increases in gross grain output, well developed grain export mechanism, accelerated grain allocation, transportation, processing and transformation. As an important criterion, Northeast China should be transformed not only from a grain production to grain processing and transformation base, but also from a region driven by grain production to a region driven by agro-economy.