土壤消毒措施对土壤物理特性及黄瓜生长发育的影响

Effects of different forms of soil disinfection on soil physical properties and cucumber growth

  • 摘要: 采用田间试验方法, 研究了垄沟式太阳能消毒、石灰氮麦秸、垄鑫3种土壤消毒方法对日光温室土壤物理特性及黄瓜生长发育的影响。结果表明, 垄沟式太阳能消毒处理对土壤物理特性未产生较大影响, 处理后粗粉粒含量较对照降低9.5%, 砂粒两个粒径(0.1~0.5 mm、0.5~1.0 mm)含量较对照分别增加39.4%、117.7%, 其余组分无明显变化; 石灰氮麦秸处理后黏粒含量增加163%, 细粉粒两粒径(0.001~0.005 mm、0.005~0.01 mm)含量较对照分别增加52.1%和116.8%; 施用垄鑫处理后土壤黏粒含量较对照降低65.8%, 细粉粒两个粒径含量较对照分别降低33.0%、32.2%。不同处理对土壤微团聚体的形成均有一定阻碍作用, 其中石灰氮麦秸处理对土壤团聚体的形成影响最大, 其次是垄鑫处理, 垄沟式太阳能消毒处理影响最小。3个土壤消毒处理都能提高黄瓜平均叶片数、平均株高、叶绿素含量和黄瓜产量, 其中垄沟式太阳能消毒处理能显著提高黄瓜生物学指标, 有良好的增产效果。

     

    Abstract: Experiments were conducted to study the effects of three soil disinfection methods (ridge and furrow soil solarization with plastic film mulch, calcium cyanamid with stalk, dazomet fumigation) on soil physical properties and the growth of cucumber in greenhouse conditions. The results show that ridge and furrow solarization with plastic film mulch has no visible effect on soil physical properties. While the content of coarse silt decreases by 9.5% compared to CK, the contents of two diameter of sands (0.1~0.5 mm, 0.5~1.0 mm) increase by 39.4%, 117.7% respectively compared to CK. No significant changes are noted in the remaining components. The content of clay in soil treated with calcium cyanamid and stalk increases by 163%, the contents two diameter of fine silts (0.001~0.005 mm, 0.005~0.01 mm) increase by 52.1%, 116.8% respectively compared to CK. Clay content of soil treated by dazomet fumigation decreases by 65.8%, the contents of two diameter of fine silt in soil decrease by 33.0%, 32.2% respectively compared to CK. Different soil disinfection treatments exert different inhibitions on soil aggregation. Calcium cyanamid with stalk treatment is most effective, followed by dazomet fumigation treatment. Ridge and furrow soil solarzation with plastic film mulch is least effective. The three soil disinfection treatments increase average plant height, leaf number, chlorophyll content and yield of cucumber. Ridge and furrow soil solarization with plastic film mulch not only significantly increases the biological indices of cucumber, but also promotes cucumber yield.

     

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