三江平原稻田能量通量研究

Analysis of energy flux in rice paddy in the Sanjiang Plain

  • 摘要: 基于三江平原稻田2005~2007年5~10月涡度相关通量观测数据, 分析了该区稻田能量通量的日变化、季节变化和能量分配特征以及能量平衡状况。结果表明: 三江平原稻田净辐射和潜热通量日变化均表现为明显的单峰特征, 感热通量日变化在水稻发育进入成熟期后才较明显, 而土壤热通量在水稻整个发育期内日变化特征都不明显。稻田净辐射季节变化特征显著, 6月下旬至7月上旬达到最大值18~20 MJ·m-2·d-1。潜热通量季节变化与净辐射同步, 最大值为13~19 MJ·m-2·d-1。相比之下感热通量较小, 观测期间变化于-3.90~ 3.94 MJ·m-2·d-1, 且没有明显的季节变化。5~10月土壤热通量呈下降趋势, 变化于-2.67~3.62 MJ·m-2·d-1。三江平原地区稻田能量分配特征明显, 潜热通量占净辐射的比例(LE/Rn) 5~10月平均值为0.67, 表明净辐射大部分以潜热通量形式所消耗, 但生长旺季LE/Rn略大于生长季初期和末期。感热通量占净辐射的比例(Hs/Rn)的季节变化特征与LE/Rn比值相反, 观测期间平均值为0.10。这导致波文比在水稻生长旺季较小而在初期和末期较大。5~10月土壤热通量占净辐射的比例(G/Rn)呈逐渐下降趋势, 其月平均值由5月的0.14下降到10月的-0.08。线性回归法和能量平衡比率均表明三江平原稻田能量明显不闭合, 2005、2006年5~10月能量不闭合度分别为22%和16%, 而2007年能量“过闭合”, 能量平衡比率平均值为1.07。

     

    Abstract: Using eddy covariance data for May to October 2005, 2006 and 2007 collected from rice paddies in the Sanjiang Plain, diurnal and seasonal variations in energy flux, partitioning and balance closure were analyzed. The results show that diurnal varia-tions in net radiation and latent heat flux are uni-peak model. However, a relatively distinct diurnal variation in sensible heat flux isobserved only at the maturity stage of rice. There is no obvious diurnal variation in soil heat flux in the entire growing season. Seasonal variations in net radiation are significant, generally reaching the maximum of 18~20 MJ·m-2·d-1 during late June to early July. Seasonal variations in latent heat flux are similar to those in net radiation, with a maximum range of 13~19 MJ·m-2·d-1. In contrast, sensible heat flux is smaller and less variable on seasonal scale (-3.90~3.94 MJ·m-2·d-1) than latent heat flux. Soil heat flux is not only small, but has a declining trend for May to October, and with a range of -2.67~3.62 MJ·m-2·d-1. There is a sig-nificant energy partition in the rice paddies of the Sanjiang Plain, with mean LE/Rn ratio of 0.67 (for May to October). This suggests that most of the energy is latent heat flux, but with a larger LE/Rn ratio at blooming stage than at other growth stages. The seasonalpattern of Hs/Rn ratio is inversely related to LE/Rn ratio, with an average Hs/Rn ratio of 0.10. This implies that the Bowen ratio is smaller for blooming stage and larger for the early and late stages of growth. G/Rn ratio is small, showing a declining trend of 0.14~ -0.08 from May to October. The energy balance closure, evaluated by methods of Ordinary Linear Squares regression and Energy Balance Ratio, is generally small in the study area. Averaged energy imbalance ratio in the paddy fields for May to October isrespectively 22% and 16% for 2005 and 2006. However, energy balance ratio surprisingly hits 1.07 in 2007, showing that the sum of latent and sensible heat fluxes is larger than the available energy

     

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