Abstract: In order to increase the use efficiency of natural precipitation resource, the effects of planting pattern with rainwater harvesting and row spacing on wheat yield and water use efficiency were analyzed in a random block design experiment in linfen, shanxi Province. The results show that average wheat yield of the planting patterns with 1︰1.5 and 1︰1 proportion of rainfall collection area to planted field area is significantly higher than that of open field cultivation (CK). When row spacings of 1︰1.5 and 1︰1 planting patterns, and open field cultivation are 11.3 cm, 15 cm and 15 cm respectively, yield increase is more significant. plant height, per-plant tiller number and per-plant green leaf number at the jointing stage under planting patterns of 1︰1.5 and 1︰1 are higher than that under open field cultivation. Water use efficiency in 1∶1.5, 1∶1 planting patterns and open field cultivation is 19.8 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2, 17.4 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2 and 14.3 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2 water for different planting patterns with rainwater harvesting at each growth stage are synchronously determined.